traumatic brain injury (tbi) is a common reason of brain tissue loss as a result of tumors, accidents, and surgeries. renewal of the brain parenchyma is restricted by many reasons such as inimical substances produced as the result of trauma and also inflammatory responses. a strong cascade of inflammatory responses begins as a result of tbi which include recalling peripheral leukocytes into the...

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with most trauma-related deaths. Secondary brain injury is the leading cause of in-hospital deaths after traumatic brain injury. By early prevention and slowing of the initial pathophysiological mechanism of secondary brain injury, pre-hospital service can significantly reduce case-fatality rates of TBI. In China, the incidence of TBI is inc...

• Cerebral concussion and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been used interchangeably, although the two terms have different definitions. • Traumatic axonal injury (TAI) is a more severe subtype of TBI than concussion or mild TBI. • In this review article, we reviewed the history of TAI in patients with concussion and mild TBI. Brain Neurorehabil. 2016 Sep;9(2):e1 https://doi.org/10.12786/...

Depending on severity, traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces immediate neuropathological effects that in the mildest form may be transient but as severity increases results in neural damage and degeneration. The first phase of neural degeneration is explainable by the primary acute and secondary neuropathological effects initiated by the injury; however, neuroimaging studies demonstrate a prolon...

M ild traumatic brain injury (m-TBI) is a public health problem, particularly in veterans and athletes. Often synonymous with ‘‘concussion,’’ m-TBI is head injury accompanied by acute-phase characteristics, such as alteration of consciousness. m-TBI can lead to chronic neuropsychological symptoms, known as postconcussive syndrome (PCS), and has been linked to chronic traumatic encephalopathy, a...

raumatic brain injury (TBI) accounts for 1.4 million reported injuries and 52000 deaths each year in the United States. TBI is the leading cause of death and disability in patients from ages 1 to 44 years. The main causes of TBI are motor vehicle crashes, falls, and assaults. Secondary neurological damage, the damage that occurs in the ensuing hours and days after the primary injury, contribute...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause widespread and prolonged brain degeneration. TBI can affect cognitive function and brain integrity for many years after injury, often with lasting effects in children, whose brains are still immature. Although TBI varies in how it affects different individuals, image analysis methods such as tensor-based morphometry (TBM) can reveal common areas of brain a...

Introduction: Child abuse has been defined as allowing others to cause physical, emotional, and sexual harm, and also physical and emotional pain to a child. The present study was a report on a case of physical and sexual child abuse accompanied by traumatic brain injury (TBI) referred to an emergency department.Case Presentation: A 4-year-old child was rushed into an emergency department...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health issue as these high-rate mechanical insults to tissue, even on a mild scale, progress secondary cascades that prolong and augment the injury. More effective models are vital study mechanism progression. Although oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) have been shown play large role in TBI recovery, researc...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with poor neurological outcome, including necrosis and brain edema. In this study, we investigated whether agmatine treatment reduces edema and apoptotic cell death after TBI. TBI was produced by cold injury to the cerebral primary motor cortex of rats. Agmatine was administered 30 min after injury and once daily until the end of the experiment. Animal...