The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxin produced from the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are among the most potent known biological toxins and have an estimated human median lethal dose (LD50) in the nanogram/kilogram range. Botulinum toxins have historically been employed as biological weapons (BW) through state-sponsored programs in Japan,...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...

The clinical eVects of botulinum toxin have been recognised since the end of the 19th century. It is the most potent neurotoxin known and it is produced by the gram negative anaerobic bacterium Clostridium botulinum. The paralytic eVect of the toxin is due to blockade of neuromuscular transmission. Injection into a muscle causes chemodenervation and local paralysis and this eVect has led to the...