OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of botulinum toxin A on spasticity and somatosensory evoked potentials of hand muscles in patients who have undergone cerebrovascular accident. DESIGN Preliminary, prospective, before-after study design. PATIENTS Six subjects prospectively followed after application of botulinum toxin A in the rehabilitation department of a university hospital. METHODS Al...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A injection remains the leading nonsurgical cosmetic procedure worldwide, with a high rate of efficacy and patient satisfaction. METHODS A multinational, multidisciplinary group of plastic surgeons and dermatologists convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to develop updated consensus recommendations with a worldwide perspective for botulinum toxin and h...

The standard treatment for overactive bladder starts with patient education and behavior therapies, followed by antimuscarinic agents. For patients with urgency urinary incontinence refractory to antimuscarinic therapy, currently both American Urological Association (AUA) and European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines suggested that intravesical injection of botulinum toxin A should be of...

Botulinum toxin type A injections are one of the most popular cosmetic procedures for diminishing the appearance of facial lines caused by habitual facial muscle contractions. Although the manufacturer's labeling recommends botulinum toxin only for the treatment of glabellar lines among adults younger than 65 years of age, there is widespread use of the toxin for other cosmetic purposes and for...

OBJECTIVE To compare the effect of electrical stimulation applied before and after botulinum toxin injection. SUBJECTS Eight healthy subjects. METHODS Both extensor digitorum brevis muscles were injected with low fixed doses of botulinum toxin. Subjects received a 20-min session of electrical stimulation before botulinum toxin injection for the right foot and after the injection for the lef...

BACKGROUND Localized unilateral hyperhidrosis (LUH) is a rare disorder of unknown origin. We describe a patient with LUH on the forearm, where a fracture was identified as a past injury. OBSERVATIONS We treated the patient with botulinum toxin type A injections, and he was complaint free during the 6 months after treatment. In addition, the initially strong positive results of the iodine star...

Do different formulations of botulinum toxin type A really have different migration characteristics? The dose units of the two main botulinum toxin A products are not equivalent, and there is continuing controversy about the appropriate dose conversion ratio. Cliff et al . 1 report on a study of anhidrotic halos after injections of Dysport and Botox to the forehead at a dose ratio of 3 : 1. The...

UNLABELLED The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) on spastic foot in stroke patients in a rehabilitation program. METHOD Hemiparetic stroke patients (n=21) enrolled in a rehabilitation program were divided into two groups. The first group (n=11) received a total of 300 UI BTX-A, and the second group (n=10) received 100 UI BTX-A. All patients ...

Eighty-five adults with horizontal concomitant strabismus were treated with an injection of a low dose of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) into the lateral or medial rectus muscle. The ocular deviation was reduced by an average of 60% independently of its size and whether or not surgery had previously been performed. The change was temporary, however, except in those cases with binocular functions, whe...

Background Headache is a common disorder of the nervous system; chronic headache in particular may affect quality of life negatively. The pathophysiology is multifactorial and not completely elucidated. Studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of botulinum toxin A on chronic migraine headaches, but failed to show the same effect on chronic tension-type headaches. Methods We present th...