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The article discusses several issues relevant for the annotation of written and spoken corpus data with information structure. We discuss ways to identify focus top-down (via Questions under Discussion) or bottom-up (starting from pitch accents). We introduce a two-dimensional labelling scheme for information status and propose a way to distinguish between contrastive and noncontrastive informa...

This paper aims to shed some light on the difficulties we face in constructing a generally acceptable normative framework for thinking about public health. It argues that there are three factors which combine to make theorising about public health difficult, and which when taken together defeat simplistic top-down and

The transformation of the US Army to the Objective Force will rely heavily upon the use of modeling and simulation (M&S) for analysis, including assessment of our ability to fight in urban environments. Current model research for military operations in urban terrain (MOUT) is disjoint. Current models are judged to be insufficient as a foundation for simulation of urban operations. The Army Mode...

This paper describes a new model of intonation for English. The paper proposes that intonation can be described using a sequence of rise, fall and connection elements. Pitch accents and boundary rises are described using rise and fall elements, and connection elements are used to describe everything else. Equations can be used to synthesize fundamental frequency (F ) contours from these element...

top-down analysis leads not only to a neglect of the real world but also to a misplaced perfectionism. The Costs of Accidents asks

Polyphonic music listening well exemplifies processes typically involved in daily auditory scene analysis situations, relying on an interactive interplay between bottom-up and top-down processes. Most studies investigating scene analysis have used elementary auditory scenes, however real-world scene analysis is far more complex. In particular, music, contrary to most other natural auditory scen...

Symbol emergence through a robot’s own interactive exploration of the world without human intervention has been investigated now for several decades. However, methods that enable a machine to form symbol systems in a robust bottom-up manner are still missing. Clearly this shows that we still do not have an appropriate computational understanding that explains symbol emergence in biological and ...