In this investigation, an innovative index was developed based on the fuzzy inference system for assessing quality of bottled drinking waters. A method to aggregate values obtained from defuzzification step. total number 24 parameters revealing characteristics were in terms physiochemical, dietary, toxic, and pathogenic aspects selected as input parameters. 30 samples taken independent brands f...

In Bottled & Sold, Peter Gleick offers a broad indictment of the bottled water industry, which Gleick asserts has successfully pulled the wool over the eyes of a generation of Americans who would be better off drinking from the tap. Criticism of bottled water is not new; for more than a decade, environmental organizations and others have observed that the water in the bottle is often of no bett...

There is a worldwide and increasing shortage of potable fresh water. Modern water reclamation technologies can alleviate much of the problem by converting wastewater directly into drinking water, but there is public resistance to these approaches that has its basis largely in psychology. A psychological problem is encapsulated in the saying of those opposing recycled water: “toilet to tap.” We ...

Background The purpose of this study was to compare the ability of two types of bottled water to rehydrate cyclists following a dehydrating bout of cycling exercise. It was hypothesized that rehydration would occur faster and/or more completely following the consumption of bottled glacier water supplemented with Alka-PlexLiquidTM (experimental condition) as compared to a filtered bottled water ...

Due to the increased demand and consumption of bottled water in South Africa, there has been a growing concern about the microbiological quality of this product. Retail outlets sell local as well as imported bottled water to consumers. The microbiological quality of 10 different (8 local and 2 imported) bottled water products were tested over a period of three months on days 1, 30 and 90. Tests...

There is little published literature on the efficacy of strategies to reduce exposure to residential well water arsenic. The objectives of our study were to: 1) determine if water arsenic remained a significant exposure source in households using bottled water or point-of-use treatment systems; and 2) evaluate the major sources and routes of any remaining arsenic exposure. We conducted a cross-...

Estimates on drinking water consumption are necessary in risk assessments on microbial hazards in drinking water. Large differences in consumption habits between countries have been reported. In order to establish estimates for the Swedish population, water consumption data from a waterborne outbreak investigation (157 people), a small water consumption study (75 people) and a large study on he...