Contrast constancy across changes in mean luminance was reported to hold over a wide range of luminances in a few studies and to be limited to approximately 1 log unit in another. The studies reporting contrast constancy over a wide luminance range used extended grafting stimuli presented dichoptically (bright stimulus to one eye and dim stimulus to the other) with long adaptation periods. The ...

We study the boundary conditions at a fluid-solid interface using molecular dynamics simulations covering a broad range of fluid-solid interactions and fluid densities and both simple and chain-molecule fluids. The slip length is shown to be independent of the type of flow, but rather is related to the fluid organization near the solid, as governed by the fluid-solid molecular interactions.

By integrating out the degrees of freedom of the small spheres in a binary mixture of large and small hard spheres, we derive an explicit effective Hamiltonian for the large spheres. Using the two-body (depletion potential) contribution to this effective Hamiltonian in simulations, we find stable fluid-solid and both metastable fluid-fluid and solid-solid coexistence in a mixture with size rati...

A general adsorption model is developed to describe the interactions between near-wall fluid molecules and solid surfaces. This model serves as a framework for the theoretical modelling of boundary slip phenomena. Based on this adsorption model, a new general model for the slip velocity of fluids on solid surfaces is introduced. The slip boundary condition at a fluid-solid interface has hithert...

The comparative analysis of solid waste management between rural and urban Ghana is largely lacking. This study investigated the solid waste situation and the organisation of solid waste management in both urban and rural settings from the perspective of households. The study employed cross-sectional survey covering both rural and urban districts in the Ashanti and Greater Accra Regions of Ghan...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Digital panoramic X-ray images can be captured using photostimulable phosphors or solid-state detectors (i.e. charge-coupled devices and Flat-Panels). The first category is defined as computed radiography (CR) or semi-direct radiography. The second technology that uses solid-state detectors is known as direct digital radiography (DDR). Both of these technologies have their o...

The present study investigates the possibility of using poloxamers as solubility and dissolution rate enhancing agents of poorly water soluble bioactive constituent patchouli alcohol (PA) that can be used for the preparation of immediate release pellets formulation. Two commercially available grades poloxamer 188 (P 188) and poloxamer 407 (P 407) were selected, and solid dispersions (SDs) conta...

The current situation of world’s environmental issues, indicates that not only the man-made environmental damages have not been diminished, but also has given rise to more acute issues such as water and soil pollution, biodiversity loss, ozone depletion, greenhouse phenomena, etc. One of the most prominent effects of urban development on environmental problems caused by solid waste generated in...