Ticks are capable of transmitting numerous pathogens to both humans and their pets. The risks of tick-borne disease risks vary geographically and are determined by the climate, environment, the presence of rodents and other mammal reservoirs, and the species of ticks parasitizing wild and domestic animals. Zoonoses such as Lyme borreliosis, tularemia, and tick-borne rickettsioses can emerge in ...

The organisms of the Order Rickettsiales, in the families Rickettsiaceae and Anaplasmataceae, were reclassified in 2001 following phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA and groESL gene sequences (Dumler and colleagues, 2001). Some Ehrlichia spp. were transferred to the Neorickettsia genus (including E. risticii) and some Ehrlichia spp., including E. phagocytophila (also called E. equi and human ...

▪ Stay in a TBE risk area ▪ Significantly reduced general condition with high fever and headaches ▪ Neurological deficits such as disturbances of consciousness and balance, paralysis of cranial nerves or extremities ▪ Evidence of TBE-specific IgM and IgG antibodies in blood ▪ Pleocytosis in CSF (normal cell count in extremely rare cases) ▪ Elevated TBE-specific antibody index at the latest 4 we...

Mathias W.R. Pletz,*†1 Randolph V. Fugit,‡1 Lesley McGee,* Jeffery J. Glasheen,§ Darcie L. Keller,¶ Tobias Welte,† and Keith P. Klugman*# *Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; †Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; ‡Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado, USA; §University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado, USA; ¶Univ...

background and objective: there is a concern on safety of human fresh frozen plasma (ffp) as it is a source of some medicinal products. the possibility of transmission of blood-borne are reported often due to emerging viruses. there are some pathogen reduction technologies (prt) to inactivate viruses. methylene blue (mb) based method is one of them. the aim of this study was to examine new desi...

b a ckground: several important diseases are transmitted by mosquitoes. despite of the potential of the occurrence of some mosquito-borne diseases such as west nile, dirofilariasis and malaria in the region, there is no recent study of mosquitoes in west azerbaijan province. the aim of this investigation was to study the fauna, composition and dis- tribution of mosquitoes and the characteristic...

ingestion of infective metacercariae, attached to watercress or other various species of water and terrestrial plants, has been implicated as the main source of human contamination by fasciolid flukes. presence of several species of aromatic wild grown plants, which are eaten fresh on the table or used for preparation of some plant-made foods (delar, mixture of salt and ground local plants, as ...