athir al-din al-abhari has a treatise bibliographies have called “thamani ‘ashra mas’ala fi al-kalam” (i.e., 18 problems in theology) or “al-mas’il” (i.e. the problems), but our findings show that its real name is “tahrir al-dalail fi taqrir al-masa’il” (i.e. the introduction of arguments for the establishment of the problems). the treatise, which is presumably his only writing in kalam, contai...

apart expressing the cause of the reflection of light from the surface of polished objects, ibn al-haytham in his al-manāẓir claims that the acceptance or rejection of light by these objects is only due to their polished surfaces and have nothing to do with their solidity, because the reflection of light from the surface of soft polished objects such as water is also possible. kamāl al-dīn al-f...

Regarding our article on the association of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with increased Alzheimer’s disease risk, Bowen et al, Froehner and Wirth, Leow et al, and Brady et al highlight a number of significant considerations that will prove important in the design of future studies that investigate the association of ADT and Alzheimer’s disease. We agree with Bowen et al and Leow et al tha...

having briefly been reviewed the historical process of changing the formulae for determining the times of islamic prayers, two newly found formulae and a new rule for establishing the times of prayers would be discussed. these matters have been exploited from four texts, still preserved as manuscript: (1) siyyid ¾?y? al-d?n sh?shtar?’s ¼ad b?b dar macrifa al-a½??rl?b, (2) b?r?n?’s ’ist?c?b f? c...

Giuseppe Nicoletti, Dana Hajkova and Kwang-Yeol Yoo work in the OECD Economics Department; Steve Golub and Daniel Mirza are, respectively, Professor of Economics at Swarthmore College (United States) and Research Fellow at the University of Nottingham (United Kingdom), and were consultants to the OECD Economics Department when this paper was written. The authors wish to thank Sveinbjörn Blöndal...

BACKGROUND Central corneal thickness (CCT) is an important indicator of corneal status. Its measurement provides valid information about corneal physiological condition and possible changes associated with diseases, traumas, and hypoxia. It is an integral part for interpretation of intraocular pressure and glaucoma patient management and in prerefractive procedure assessment. OBJECTIVE The ai...

safīnat al-bihār wa madīnat al-hikam wa al-āthār, a precious book by sheikh abbās qumī, is a comprehensive content list for the famous book, bihar al-’anwār al-jāmi‘ah li al-durar al-akhbār al-’a’immat al-’athār by allāmah madjlesī. the big number of volumes bihar al-’anwār’ contains as well as the diverse subjects it covers, caused the hadīth narrator, qumī, to write a content list for that bo...