An Agilent Simulated Distillation (SimDis) system is described for characterizing petroleum fractions for quality control and monitoring of refinery feedstocks and products. The system uses a 6890N gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a high temperature programmable temperature vaporizer (HT PTV) inlet designed specifically for simulated distillation analysis. A SimDis software program that cou...

The authors examined the demand for clean drinking water using treatment behaviors in Kathmandu, Nepal. Water supply is inadequate, unreliable and low quality. Households engage in several strategies to cope with the unreliable and poor quality of water supplies. Some of the major coping strategies are hauling, storing, and point-of-use treatment. Boiling, filtering, and use of Uro-guard are so...

The caloric curve for Na(139)(+) has been measured from 100 K up to the temperature where the clusters are boiling hot and spontaneously emit atoms. In this limit the clusters form an evaporative ensemble, the temperature and energy of which have been determined. As the caloric curve of an atomic gas with a finite number of atoms is known, one can construct the caloric curve for this finite sys...

The typical result of gas phase chemical investigations on a one-atom-at-a-time level are standard adsorption enthalpies (∆Hads) of chemical species on stationary chromatographic surfaces. The standard adsorption enthalpies are deduced from experimental results using either the model of linear gas chromatography assuming mobile adsorption [1] or Monte-Carlo based models [2]. The obtained enthal...

Despite shortcomings, boiling is the most common means of treating water at home and the benchmark against which emerging point-of-use water treatment approaches are measured. In a 5-month study, we assessed the microbiological effectiveness and cost of the practice among 218 self-reported boilers relying on unprotected water supplies. Boiling was associated with a 99% reduction in geometric me...

In this study, one type of nano-engineered heat transfer fluids: Water/AOT/Polyalphaolefin (PAO) nanoemulsion fluids are prepared, and their phase change heat transfer properties have been investigated. The Water/AOT/Polyalphaolefin nanoemulsion heat transfer fluids which are thermodynamically stable are spontaneously generated by a self-assembly of dispersed water nanodroplets The results, exp...

Calculation of excess quantities of ethylene glycol + water binary fluid systems at seven absolute temperatures (293.15 to 353.15) K from experimentally determined values of density and shear viscosity were presented in previous work. The examination of related functions beside the quality of correlation from several equations on these experimental values has also been reported. Considering...

Mixtures of ethylene glycol and water are used in cooling the engines in automotive applications. To avoid the two-phase flow in the engine, the mixture is subcooled in the radiator before entering the engine block. Heat transfer is therefore essentially under subcooled flow boiling conditions. Very little information is available in the literature on the subcooled flow boiling characteristics ...

Boiling is an extremely effective way to promote heat transfer from a hot surface to a liquid due to numerous mechanisms, many of which are not understood in quantitative detail. An important component of the overall process is that the buoyancy of the bubble compounds with that of the liquid to give rise to a much-enhanced natural convection. In this article, we focus specifically on this enha...

Reaction of a racemic acid or base with an optically active base or acid gives a pair of diastereomeric salts. Members of this pair exhibit different physicochemical properties (e.g., solubility, melting point, boiling point, adsorbtion, phase distribution) and can be separated owing to these differences. The most important method for the separation of enantiomers is the crystallization. This i...