in the name of God, most gracious, most merciful Physiology and Pharmacology Indexing: Index Copernicus (IC), Scientific Information Database (SID) Physiology and Pharmacology is the official publication of the Iranian Society of Physiology and Pharmacology. The journal publishes full-length original articles in physiology, pharmacology and related subjects. Editorial office: ...

Until recently, little or no use was made of fiscal instruments for forest protection in developing countries. The rise independent third-party certification systems since the 1990s opens new perspectives using taxation as an incentive. In forestry sector, has developed significantly Central Africa but reached a plateau last ten years, apparently due to reorientation timber export flows towards...

This paper deals with optimal investment and redistribution of the free reserves connected to life and pension insurance contracts in form of dividends and bonus. Formulated appropriately this problem can be viewed as a modification of Merton’s problem of optimal consumption and investment with a very particular form of consumption and utility hereof. Both are linked to a finite state Markov ch...