Well blowout rates in oil fields undergoing thermally enhanced recovery (via steam injection) in California Oil and Gas District 4 from 1991 to 2005 were on the order of 1 per 1,000 well construction operations, 1 per 10,000 active wells per year, and 1 per 100,000 shutin/idle and plugged/abandoned wells per year. This allows some initial inferences about leakage of CO2 via wells, which is cons...

In this article we describe the surgical management of retrosternal goiters via a limited thoracocervical approach, and we explore how the respective surgical know-how can be used in the management of the carotid blowout syndrome. Four cases involving patients who had undergone thyroidectomy via a limited thoracocervical approach are retrospectively reviewed. An acute blowout of the innominate ...

BACKGROUND The reduction of orbital blowout fracture primarily aims to normalize the extra-ocular movement by returning the herniated orbital soft tissue into the original position, and to prevent enophthalmos by normalizing the orbital cavity volume. We introduce a balloon catheter-assisted orbital floor reduction technique. METHODS A retrospective review was performed for all patients with ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To compare early and late surgical repair of orbital blowout floor fractures. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective, comparative interventional case series reviewed medical records of 50 consecutive patients who underwent unilateral orbital floor fracture repair in a 4-year period. Comparative analysis was performed between patients operated on within 2 weeks of injury...

Background Oculorrhea, or cerebrospinal fluid leakage developing from a cranio-orbital fistula, is a rare development following traumatic injury. Case Report A 22-year-old man involved in a motor vehicle accident developed a blowout fracture of the left orbital roof penetrating the frontal lobe, inducing oculorrhea. He underwent a supraorbital craniotomy for removal of the bony fragment and sku...

A 27-year-old man presented to the emergency department after he was alleged to have had his face and head stamped on. On arrival, he had a Glasgow Coma Score of 15 and no indication at that time for a CT scan of the head. Facial radiographs demonstrated bilateral facial fractures with a LeFort II injury pattern. A left ‘eyebrow sign’ (wide arrow figure 1) was noted in keeping with an orbital b...

Orbital blowout fractures are common sequelae of facial trauma. For their treatment, it is now possible to make three-dimensional (3D) implants on the basis of computed tomography (CT) images, using rapid prototyping and to bend the implants preoperatively in the desired shape. However, in orbital fracture, the unique anatomy of the orbit makes the process of fitting and aligning such implants ...