BACKGROUND Brain damage (myelinolysis) develops in hyponatraemia after a large increase in serum sodium regardless of the currently available methods of correction. However, a preliminary study suggests that treatment of hyponatraemia with urea limits the risks of brain lesions in rats. Benefits of sustained high blood levels of urea and mechanisms of protection remain hypothetical. METHODS I...

ROCH-RAMEL, FRANCOISE, J. DI~ZI, FRANGOISE CHOM~TY, PIERRETTE MICHOUD, AND G. PETERS. Disposal of large urea overloads by the rat kidney: a micropuncture study. Am. J. Physiol. 2 1 a(6) : 1524-1532. 1970.-In rats overloaded with urea, at plasma concentrations of 60-80 mM, the proximal fractional reabsorption of urea was not impaired, whereas the cortical tissue-to-plasma urea concentration rati...

The health of fish can be affected by environmental factors (stress), nutrition as well as by pathogens. Stress in fish may be induced by various abiotic environmental factors such as changes in water temperature, pH, oxygen concentration and water pollutants including pesticides, insecticides (Meier et al., 1983; Lebelo et al., 2001), petroleum products and heavy metals (Witeska, 1999). Biotic...

Herrick, Essex and Baldes (1932), using the method of the ThermoStromuhr of Rein, found that removal of one kidney had no effect on the blood flow to the remaining kidney during the first three hours. Van Slyke, Rhoads, Hiller and Alving (1934), using unanesthetized dogs with an explanted kidney, calculated the renal blood flow by determining the rate of urea excretion and the decrease in blood...

It has been well documented that a negative relationship exists between blood, plasma, or milk urea nitrogen and fertility in dairy cattle, with increased concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen (PUN; > 19 mg/dL) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN; > 15.4 mg/dL) being associated with suppressed fertility. Although this relationship is not fully understood, likely contributing factors have been suggeste...

This paper details about the noninvasive estimation of Urea concentration in blood using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Artificial neural network based prediction model. The absorption spectrum of the urea has been studied experimentally in order to choose the wavelengths of peak absorption. For this purpose, IR absorption spectrum of 0.1M aqueous urea solution has been collected and ana...

All (except one) were healthy young Gurkhas. All necessary precautions were taken in every case. Their urines were alkaline, intake of fluids was satisfactory, quantity of sulphapyridine given was not excessive (one gramme four-hourly on the first day and one gramme six-hourly on the following day). Oliguria and later anuria were noticed on about the fifth day after starting the drug. Blood pre...

OBJECTIVE Two experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of coated slow-release urea on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, nitrogen utilization, blood glucose and urea concentration (Exp 1), and average daily gain (ADG; Exp 2) of steers. METHODS Exp 1: Eight ruminally fistulated steers [503±28.5 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into a d 4×4 Latin square design and assigned...