Efavirenz (EFV) is one of the most commonly prescribed antiretrovirals for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. EFV is extensively metabolized by cytochrome P450 to a number of oxygenated products; however, the pharmacologic activity and distribution of these metabolites in anatomic compartments have yet to be explored. The systemic distribution of EFV oxidative...

The study was to find patterns of progestagen (progesterone and its metabolite) and glucocorticoid and their metabolite concentrations in serum and feces of pregnant Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). The 5 female Asian domestic elephants were naturally mated until pregnancy. After that, blood and feces samples were collected monthly during pregnancy for progestagen, glucocorticoid and their me...

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing Lori ewes with rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) in late pregnancy on their performance and that of their lambs. Milk yield and blood metabolite profile were measured. Forty pregnant ewes were used in a completely randomized design trial with four treatments: 1) a basal diet (control); 2) with a supplement of 5% fishmeal; 3)...

The intestinal bioavailability and biotransformation of 3-hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene, a major metabolite of benzo(a)pyrene in many animal species, was investigated in an in situ isolated intestinal preparation from the channel catfish, and in vitro with preparations of catfish intestine and blood. 3-Hydroxybenzo(a)pyrene was a good substrate for adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS)-sulfot...

Abstract Purpose In this paper, we describe six cases, where patients were falsely treated with pre-filled ropivacaine solution instead of medical saline for postoperative settings. Two the died because fatal concentrations in blood, four survived no further physical injury, and two them showed typical intoxication symptoms. The collected blood urine samples deceased, as well surviving patients...

Background Brain metabolism perturbation in dementia is not well understood. Metabolite levels are quantitative traits that have been linked to genetic loci. Existing metabolite trait loci (MQTL) were found mostly using tissues other than cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain, which being less ideal for studying neurodegenerative diseases. The first CSF MQTL study was published last year, but wit...

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect inclusion two acidifiers blend (with different protection levels) on acidification potential in vitro, apparent total tract digestibility diet nutrients, blood metabolites, and average daily gain nursery piglets. Two commercial additives (AC1 AC2) were evaluated. added tested by buffering capacity initial pH vitro. For evaluation metabol...