Systems are collections of objects exhibiting joint behaviour. Sometimes this behaviour is anticipated, sometimes not. We have studied a number of types of complex systems and their failures, including electricity supply grids, motorways, the financial system, and air traffic control. We argue that the resilience properties of such systems are largely emergent. We illustrate the thesis through ...

Solar storms are the largest explosive release of energy in the solar system and are responsible for large variations of the Earth’s magnetic field, which are known as geomagnetic storms. Magnetic storms can induce significant electric currents at the Earth’s surface disrupting the electric power distribution system, causing situations such as the collapse of the power grid in northern Canada i...

The necessary precautions should be taken in order to prevent service interruption during the maintenance and repairing of electricity networks. Among these measures, emergencies that may occur network foreseen, hazard scenarios created, solutions developed. If are not done, a blackout, which first follows local regions eventually results collapse national electrical network, take place. In thi...