A sooting, ethylene coflow diffusion flame has been studied both experimentally and computationally. The fuel is diluted with nitrogen and the flame is slightly lifted to minimize the effects of the burner. Both probe (thermocouple and gas-sampling techniques) and optical diagnostic methods (Rayleigh scattering and laser-induced incandescence) are used to measure the temperature, gas species, a...

Adverse health effects of airborne toxicants, especially small respirable particles and their associated adsorbed chemicals, are of growing concern to health professionals, governmental agencies, and the general public. Areas rich in petrochemical processing facilities (e.g., eastern Texas and southern California) chronically have poor air quality. Atmospheric releases of products of incomplete...

Data of several laser-induced incandescence (LII) experiments reported in the literature were re-analyzed to obtain the values of the thermal accommodation coefficient (TAC) of soot. The present analysis shows that the TAC of soot falls in a relatively narrow range between 0.23 (in N2 and flames) and 0.45 (in Argon). Using an aggregate based lowfluence LII model, the TAC of soot in a laminar di...

This is a very interesting paper that presents nice results on the detection of solid particles in the stratosphere. We have two short comments: 1) Page 15 line 19 (part 4.1;7 Soot): the author proposed possible sources for soot particles in the stratosphere. The (transient) presence of soot in the middle stratosphere and their possible origins, including meteoritic material, were also obtained...

[1] The large uncertainty associated with black carbon (BC) direct forcing is due, in part, to the dependence of light absorption of BC-containing particles on the position of the BC within the particle. It is predicted that this absorption will be greatest for an idealized core-shell configuration in which the BC is a sphere at the center of the particle whereas much less absorption should be ...

Black carbon (BC) is known as a strong sorbent for the sorption of planar hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), but there is very little information about the sorption of nonplanar HOCs on BC. In this study, the sorption of di-(2-ethyl-hexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one kind of nonplanar phthalate acid ester (PAE), by environmental BC collected from river sediments and pure BC (char-wood, char-stalk ...

Extracts of soots obtained from various sources were applied to the skin of mice in an effort to identify carcinogens in these mixtures and to link these materials to the etiology of human cancer. Samples of coal chimney soot, coke oven materials, industrial carbon black, oil shale soot, and gasoline vehicle exhaust materials have been examined by this method. The studies reported here have bee...

Significant quantities of carbon soot aerosols are emitted into pristine parts of the atmosphere by marine shipping. Soot impacts the radiative balance of the Earth-atmosphere system by absorbing solar-terrestrial radiation and modifies the microphysical properties of clouds. Here we examined the impact of black carbon (BC) on net warming during monsoon season over southern Bay-of-Bengal, using...

For hundreds of years, chimneys have been swept with long steel brushes inserted manually into the chimney from the top and from the bottom. Chimney sweeps are exposed to soot, with concurrent exposure to sulfur dioxide and arsenic (Bagchi & Zimmerman, 1980). Soot is black particulate matter that is formed as a by-product of combustion or pyrolysis of organic (carbon-containing) materials, such...

In this article, a model which examines the formation and evolution of chemiions in an aircraft engine is proposed. This model which includes chemiionisation, electron thermo-emission, electron attachment to soot particles and to neutral molecules, electron-ion and ionion recombination, ion-soot interaction, allows the determination of the ion concentration at the exit of the combustor and at t...