OBJECTIVE To increase power to detect modifier loci conferring susceptibility to specific phenotypes such as disease diagnoses which are part of a broader disorder spectrum by jointly modeling a modifier and a broad susceptibility gene and to identify modifier loci conferring specific susceptibility to schizophrenia (SZ) or to bipolar disorder (BP) using the approach. METHODS We implemented a...

Tar bitumens are increasingly being used as a binder in road works. They consist of a standard product of about 70% bitumen and 25-30% tar. Tar bitumens are classifiable as the pyrolysis products of organic materials and are applied hot. Depending on the temperature used there are emissions of various intensities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), some of which are carcinogenic. A total...

Shales of very low metamorphic grade from the 2.78 to 2.45 billion-year-old (Ga) Mount Bruce Supergroup, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia, were analyzed for solvent extractable hydrocarbons. Samples were collected from ten drill cores and two mines in a sampling area centered in the Hamersley Basin near Wittenoom and ranging 200 km to the southeast, 100 km to the southwest and 70 km to the nor...

In this research, polyvinylchloride based composite heterogeneous cation exchange membranes were prepared by the solution casting technique. Chitosan-co-iron nickel oxide nanoparticles were utilized as membrane surface modifier to improve the membranes electrochemical properties. The effect of additive nanoparticle concentration in the modifier solution on the properties of composite membranes ...

The evolution of genetic systems has been analyzed through the use of modifier gene models, in which a neutral gene is posited to control the transmission of other genes under selection. Analysis of modifier gene models has found the manifestations of an "evolutionary reduction principle": in a population near equilibrium, a new modifier allele that scales equally all transition probabilities b...

Every year thousands of people in the USA are diagnosed with small intestine and colorectal cancers (CRC). Although environmental factors affect disease etiology, uncovering underlying genetic factors is imperative for risk assessment and developing preventative therapies. Familial adenomatous polyposis is a heritable genetic disorder in which individuals carry germ-line mutations in the adenom...