Butyrate, a four-carbon fatty acid, and its two-carbon metabolic product, acetate, are inducers of gamma-globin synthesis. To test whether other short-chain fatty acids share this property, we first examined whether propionic acid, a three-carbon fatty acid that is not catabolized to acetate, induces gamma-globin expression. Sodium propionate increased the frequency of fetal hemoglobin containi...

We investigate the general problem of establishing whether a swarm satisfies an emergent property. We put forward a formal model for swarms that accounts for their nature of unbounded collections of agents following simple local protocols. We formally define the decision problem of determining whether a swarm satisfies an emergent property. We introduce a sound and complete procedure for solvin...

We show that beta ensembles in Random Matrix Theory with generic real analytic potential have the asymptotic equipartition property. In addition, we prove a Central Limit Theorem for the density of the eigenvalues of these ensembles.

An Aspergillus saitoi protease preparation, Molsin, was found to contain beta-glucosidase as well as protease activities. Application of Molsin to soybean curd improved its functionality by converting the contained isoflavone glycosides to their aglycones through beta-glucosidase, and also modified the rheological property into a creamy consistency through protease. The enzymatically modified s...

Islets of Langerhans are micro-organs scattered throughout the pancreas that contain insulin-producing cells, called beta-cells. Although new light has been recently shed on beta-cell development, information on the phenotype and location of beta-stem cells remains scarce. Here, we provide evidence that beta-stem cells are slow-cycling cells located within and around the islets of Langerhans. F...

There have been conflicting data about the interactions between vancomycin and beta-lactam agents against Staphylococcus aureus strains with heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin. We evaluated the efficacy of these combinations against Mu 3 and heterogeneously vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (hetero-VRSA) strains which were isolated from Korean patients using a population analysis method. Antag...

A pressure-driven two-layer channel flow of a Newtonian fluid with constant viscosity (top layer) and time-dependent (bottom is numerically investigated. The bottom layer goes through an ageing process in which its increases due to the formation internal structure, represented by Coussot-type relationship. resultant dynamics consequence competition between structuration de-structuration, as cha...

conclusions according to the obtained data, synthesized pyridine based chalcones (3a-3j) could be proposed as potential antioxidant lead compounds. background natural chalcones and also their synthetic derivatives have attracted increasing attention due to various pharmacological applications. development and discovery of new chalcones with antioxidant activities is one of the attracting areas ...

We exploit differences in the mortality rates faced by European colonialists to estimate the effect of institutions on economic performance. Europeans adopted very different colonization policies in different colonies, with different associated institutions. In places where Europeans faced high mortality rates, they could not settle and they were more likely to set up extractive institutions. T...