a 51 hour (3 credit) lecture course entitled pharmaceutical biotechnology is outlined which details the biochemistry and biotechnology of biological drug products. it is designed to equip students undertaking pharmacy program with an understanding of concepts, both academic and applied, directly relevant to working in the biotechnological products sector. in addition to the course, a bank of re...

Abstract Ethicisation refers to the tendency frame issues in ethical terms and can be observed different areas of society, particularly relation policy-making on emerging technologies. The turn ethics implies increased use expertise, or at least an expectation that this is case. Calling for experts when ethically complicated questions need handled helps us uphold central virtues, but there are ...

In an increasingly connected world where solving complex problems is not possible by solitary experts, educators and learners need opportunities to develop ways of thinking that allow them to engage with the dynamic and complex situations that arise in the world. The development of graduate attributes has been suggested as one way in which students can be prepared as active agents of social goo...

Experts have better information about the appropriate quality of treatment or surplus from trade than their customers. Providing both diagnosis and treatment, this leaves scope for fraud. In a credence good set-up, we experimentally investigate how intensity of price competition and the level of customer information about past expert behavior in uence an expert's incentive to defraud his custom...

The transition to digital in the TV broadcasting industry is already gradually being performed while the complete digital switchover seems now possible to be accomplished within the near future. This article describes and analyses this phenomenon and the role of MPEG-21 may play in it. MPEG-21 is the ISO/IEC standard currently under development in MPEG (ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11). Unlike preceding...

T he terms biotechnology and biopharmaceutical describe many complex and important products, technologies, R&D, and industries. Most people, particularly those within the industry, presume that a biopharmaceutical involves biotechnology, but this connection is often ignored or rejected. That causes problems in communication and public perception. This article examines biopharmaceutical terminol...

Three distinct fields of gene manipulated biotechnology have so far been economically exploited: medical biotechnology, plant biotechnology and industrial biotechnology. This article analyzes the economic evolution and its drivers in the three fields over the past decades, highlighting strong divergences. Product and market characteristics, affecting firms' financing options, are shown to be im...