In the molecular farming area, transient expression approaches for pharmaceutical proteins production, mainly recombinant monoclonal antibodies and vaccines, were developed almost two decades ago and, to date, these systems basically depend on Agrobacterium-mediated delivery and virus expression machinery. We survey here the current state-of-the-art of this research field. Several vectors have ...

Fully synthetic medium-sized macrocyclic peptides mimicking the key β-hairpin and α-helical protein epitopes relevant in many protein-protein interactions have emerged as a novel class of drugs with the potential to fill an important gap between small molecules and proteins. Conformationally stabilized macrocyclic scaffolds represent ideal templates for medicinal chemists to incorporate bioacti...

This article, the third in the "Elements of Biopharmaceutical Production" series, will discuss various tools available to perform the modeling required to understand, develop, and optimize manufacturing processes, facilities, and operations. Anurag S. Rathore discusses incentives and steps during process development. Then four industry experts present their viewpoints, insights, and experience....

The majority of therapeutic proteins display one or more post-translational modifications (PTMs). These modifications normally influence the biochemical and therapeutic properties of such proteins. Choosing an expression system capable of generating an appropriate product PTM profile remains one of the most crucial decisions a drug developer must make. This review considers the PTMs most often ...

Process analytical technology (PAT), the regulatory initiative for building in quality to pharmaceutical manufacturing, has a great potential for improving biopharmaceutical production.The recommended analytical tools for building in quality, multivariate data analysis, mechanistic modeling, novel models for interpretation of systems biology data and new sensor technologies for cellular states,...

■ CONTENTS Protein Folding 99 Folding Mechanisms 99 Amyloids and Fibrils 100 Chaperones 101 Protein Structural Characterization 101 Nonviral, Nonmembrane Proteins 102 Virus-Related Proteins 105 Interactions 105 Epitope Mapping 105 Protein/Large Molecule Interactions 107 Protein/Small Molecule Interactions 109 Biopharmaceuticals 110 Antibodies 110 Other/Nonantibody Biopharm Proteins 110 Membrane...