Background and Objectives: In the original in vitro method for evaluation of iron bioavailability using caco-2 cell model, ferritin formation by cells is considered as a functional indicator of both absorption and utilization of iron. However, as iron is measured in the tested material and then ferritin concentration is measured in caco-2 cell lysate, it is almost impossible to have a concrete ...

This project builds on our previous published work using the stable isotope dilution method to estimate the bioavailability of soil Pb in human volunteers who ingest milligram quantities of soil (and microgram quantities of Pb) in gelatin capsules. The primary aims of this project are to: 1) determine estimates of the bioavailability of Pb in soils from a mining site, smelting site and urban si...

The oral bioavailability of zinc was studied in nonpregnant adults before and 24 hours after two weeks of oral supplementation with iron and folic acid. Bioavailability was greatly reduced, and the shape of the plasma curves suggested that this was due to impairment of the intestinal absorption of zinc. The findings suggest that the reduced bioavailability of zinc occurs because of interelement...

Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia due to impaired insulin secretion, action, or both. All patients with type 1 diabetes and many 2 require therapy achieve reasonable glycemic control. During this time, given through the subcutaneous injection route because it can be destroyed gastric acid when orally. Until now, studies have developed oral using various delivery sys...

Chelating is the chemical process by which a mineral (iron, cobalt, copper, zinc, and manganese) is combined with a mixture of amino acids and peptides. The resulting substances are known as chelates. Another descriptive term, proteinates, refers to the amino acid bond. These chelated minerals are thought to be more digestible than nonchelated forms. In other words, chelation makes the minerals...

Bioavailability is a key pharmacokinetic parameter which expresses the proportion of a drug administered by any nonvascular route that gains access to the systemic circulation. Presented in this review are the different approaches to measurement of bioavailability (absolute and relative), including the case in which intravenous administration is impossible. The rate of drug absorption is also d...

Phytochemicals are increasingly accepted as health promoting, maintaining, and repairing agents in cells, tissues, or the whole human body. Phytochemicals are compounds obtained from plants that exert particular health effects; generally, they are not necessarily basic nutrients (minerals, vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins or lipids), medicines or toxins. The phytochemicals that are frequently ...

The term phyto-oestrogen encompasses isoflavone compounds, such as genistein and daidzein, found predominantly in soya products and the lignans, such as matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, found in many fruits, cereals and in flaxseed. There is evidence that they have potential health benefits in man particularly against hormone-dependent diseases such as breast and prostate cancers and oste...

Low solubility causing low dissolution in gastrointestinal tract is the major problem for drugs meant for systemic action after oral administration, like cinnarizine. Pharmaceutical products of cinnarizine are commercialized globally as immediate release preparations presenting low absorption with low and erratic bioavailability. Approaches to enhance bioavailability are widely cited in the lit...

Our recent studies showed that schisantherin A (StA) is a promising candidate for PD treatment, but the pharmacokinetic profile of StA is largely unknown. The effects of different formulations on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of StA were investigated by HPLC equipped with a vacuum degasser, a quaternary pump, a manual sampler, and an ultraviolet detector. The absolute bioavailability...