BACKGROUND The 14-3-3 proteins are structurally conserved throughout eukaryotes and participate in protein kinase signaling. All 14-3-3 proteins are known to bind to evolutionally conserved phosphoserine-containing motifs (modes 1 and/or 2) with high affinity. In Trypanosoma brucei, 14-3-3I and II play pivotal roles in motility, cytokinesis and the cell cycle. However, none of the T. brucei 14-...

Most comparisons among OO languages focus on structural or philosophical features but rarely on dynamic ones. Beyond all these structural properties, late-binding is, to our opinion, the key property of OO paradigm; the operational consequence of inheritance use. All OO languages use late-binding, but do they all have the same interpretation? We show that the answer is no, not very surprisingly...

Software maintenance is the last phase of the software life cycle. The aim of the software maintenance is to maintain the software system in accordance with advancement in software and hardware technology. In this paper, we discuss a maintenance system for object-oriented techniques. The paper therefore discusses about a problems in object oriented techniques under the maintenance environment. ...

Ligand-protein docking simulations are employed to analyze the binding energy landscape of the pipecolinyl fragment that serves as a recognition core of the FK506 ligand in binding with the FKBP12 protein. This fragment acts as a molecular anchor that specifically binds within the protein active site in a unique binding mode, in harmony with the structure of the FK506-FKBP12 complex. Molecular ...

The NADPH-dependent HC-toxin reductases (HCTR1 and 2) encoded by enzymatic class of disease resistance homologous genes (Hm1 and Hm2) protect maize by detoxifying a cyclic tetrapeptide, HC-toxin, secreted by the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum race 1(CCR1). Unlike the other classes' resistance (R) genes, HCTR-mediated disease resistance is an inimitable mechanism where the avirulence (Avr) compone...

............................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................. 1 1.1 Overview of Immunology ................................................................................ 1 1.2 Immunoglobulin Structures .......................................

In this concept we present tools for faster designing of reconfigurable function oriented animation systems. A set of basic animation structures and a set of basic animation techniques are defined. An object-oriented hierarchy can be built on the basis of the relationship between basic animation structures and animation techniques. We propose a corresponding class hierarchy for animation design...

A novel one-pot two step tandem reaction for the synthesis of indolizine-1-carbonitrile derivatives (5a-i) was identified. The route comprises 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aromatic aldehyde derivatives (1a-i), malononitrile (2) and 1-(2-(4-bromophenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-2-chloropyridin-1-ium (4) under ultrasound irradiation at room temperature in the presence of triethylamine at acetonitrile...

HCV-induced hepatitis is one of the most debilitating diseases. The limited number of anti-HCV drugs and drug-resistance necessitate developing of new scaffolds with different mode of actions. HCV non-structural protein 5B (NS5B) is an attractive target for development of novel inhibitors of HCV replication. In this paper, new N'-arylidene-6-(benzyloxy)-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carbohydrazi...

most of the biological phenomena are influenced by intermolecular recognition and interaction. thus, understanding the thermodynamics of biomacromolecule ligand interaction is a very interesting area in biochemistry and biotechnology. one of the most powerful techniques to obtain precise information about the energetics of (bio) molecules binding to other biological macromolecules is isothermal...