The foreign trade market is one of the most effective engines economic growth in Egypt. Given its importance to Egyptian economy, factors influencing export flows between Egypt main trading partners need be studied. gravity model and panel data method an essential common approach for analyzing bilateral flows. It has proved be a valuable method country’s potential trade. This study applie...

Abstract Creating intergovernmental environmental clubs is a prominent policy proposal for addressing global problems. According to their proponents, provide an incentive join them and accept obligations by generating exclusive “club goods” members. Yet, the existing literature considers as theoretical idea that still has be put into practice. This article asks whether, in fact, numerous intern...

The Asia Pacific region, and especially East Asia, has experienced rapid economic integration without the ‘hard politics’ of legally binding economic and political treaties, unlike Europe where integration has been institution-led. The ‘soft politics’ and market-led integration in East Asia set against a background of political tensions and rivalries in key relationships in the region. The pape...

advantage of trading opportunities has always been under contention. Data indicate that the continent’s share of world exports has declined sharply, from about 5.5 percent in 1975 to about 2.5 percent in 2002 (Figure 1). At face value, this declining share points to the increased marginalization of Africa in world trade, but the observed pattern of trade need not be inconsistent with predicted ...

Concerns regarding the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) have raised awareness about the negative public health impacts of trade and investment agreements. In the past decade, we have learned much about the implications of trade agreements for public health: reduced equity in access to health services; increased flows of unhealthy commodities; limits on access to medicines; and constrained policy...

E conomic integration among countries has continued to deepen over the past decade. This is especially visible at the regional level, with the escalation of Regional Integration Agreements (RIAs) ranging from Free Trade Areas (FTAs) to Customs Unions (CUs). Nowadays, many developing countries have entered a new regional integration agreement with developed and developing countries. S...

This paper measures the response of bilateral trade flows to differences in industrial energy prices across countries. Using a panel for the period 1996-2011 including 42 countries, 62 sectors and covering 60% of global merchandise trade, we estimate the short-run effects of sector-level energy price asymmetry on trade. We find that changes in relative energy prices have a statistically signifi...

Using a panel data set of bilateral export flows from 12 EU countries to 20 OECD trading partners over the period 1992-2003, a panel cointegration approach to estimating the gravity model is adopted to test for the significance of European regional integration. A comparison of the results indicates that a positive and significant coefficient estimate of the EU dummy variable is found for both t...

In recent years a lot of attention has been paid to geographic latitude and its relationship with key variables like economic growth, development, and institutional quality. In this paper we show that longitude (time zones) also matters. Using bilateral Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) data and gravity model estimations, we find that time zones have a significant impact on the location of FDI. F...