There is a large literature on contagion. It is perhaps the most important systemic risk to the financial system. The term is widely used so this covers many topics. The paper starts with a discussion of exactly how the term is used. Perhaps most importantly it is used to refer to the spread of crises from one country to another through real links such as trade, through portfolio rebalancing an...

Most investigations of creativity tend to take one of two directions: everyday creativity (also called “little-c”), which can be found in nearly all people, and eminent creativity (also called “Big-C”), which is reserved for the great. In this paper, the authors propose a Four C model of creativity that expands this dichotomy. Specifically, the authors add the idea of “mini-c,” creativity inher...

BACKGROUND Certain personality traits have long been suspected to reflect an enduring vulnerability to major depression (MD) in part because of shared genetic risk factors. Although many have agreed that normative personality is well captured by the 'Big-Five' personality traits of Openness (O), Conscientiousness (C), Extraversion (E), Agreeableness (A) and Neuroticism (N), to date genetically ...

Background and Aims: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of three medicinal plant extracts on fungi with three methods and to compare methods. Material and methods: This study examined the antifungal properties of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L), ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and Nafe Venus (Umbilicus intermedius boiss) extracts against fungi including, Aspergillus spp., Penicillium...

investment plays a vital role on economic growth. one of the main objectives of all countries is to achieve sustainable economic growth and development. nowadays, a considerable amount of activities performed by the managers and investors in general is to make a portfolio of assets effectively meeting demand goals. in this study, mean-variance markowitz model by cardinality constraints and also...

Mr. Feldstein: I thought this was a helpful paper: interesting analysis and interesting data. I would like to comment primarily on the discussion of the eurozone, but first make a remark about what you said about mitigating portfolio risk, by increasing private portfolio investment abroad. I do not understand how, when problems arise, countries could cause these private foreign investments to b...

A constrained version of the Big Bang-Big Crunch algorithm for the efficient solution of the optimal reservoir operation problems is proposed in this paper. Big Bang-Big Crunch (BB-BC) algorithm is a new meta-heuristic population-based algorithm that relies on one of the theories of the evolution of universe namely, the Big Bang and Big Crunch theory. An improved formulation of the algorithm na...