Last lecture, we spent a considerable amount of effort defining manifolds. We like manifolds because they are locally Euclidean. So, even though it is hard for us to reason about them globally, we know what to do in small neighborhoods. It turns out that this ability is all we really need. This is rather fortunate, because we suddenly have spaces with more interesting structure than the Euclide...

‎‎Let $R$ be a commutative ring with identity and let $M$ be an $R$-module‎. ‎We define the primary spectrum of $M$‎, ‎denoted by $mathcal{PS}(M)$‎, ‎to be the set of all primary submodules $Q$ of $M$ such that $(operatorname{rad}Q:M)=sqrt{(Q:M)}$‎. ‎In this paper‎, ‎we topologize $mathcal{PS}(M)$ with a topology having the Zariski topology on the prime spectrum $operatorname{Spec}(M)$ as a sub...

This paper deals with families of conformal iterated function systems (CIFS). The space CIFS(X, I) of all CIFS, with common seed space X and alphabet I, is successively endowed with the topology of pointwise convergence and the so-called λ-topology. We show just how bad the topology of pointwise convergence is: although the Hausdorff dimension function is continuous on a dense Gδ-set, it is als...

An MI-group is an algebraic structure based on a generalization of the concept of a monoid that satisfies the cancellation laws and is endowed with an invertible anti-automorphism representing inversion. In this paper, a topology is defined on an MI-group $G$ under which $G$ is  a topological MI-group. Then we will identify open, discrete and compact MI-subgroups. The connected components of th...