BACKGROUND Selection bias and declining participation rates are of concern in many long-term epidemiological studies. The Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) was launched in 1985 as a response to alarming reports on elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Västerbotten County in Northern Sweden. The VIP invites women and men to a health examination and health counselling during ...

The purpose of this chapter is (i) to describe some currently available analytical methods for using individual level epidemiological data to estimate the impact of multiple risk factor interventions on health and (ii) to carefully review the conditions under which these methods deliver unbiased estimates of impact. The chapter is organized as follows. In sections 2 and 3, we discuss estimation...

Background Documents from advocacy and fund-raising organizations for child mass deworming programmes in low- and middle-income countries cite unpublished economic studies claiming long-term effects on health, schooling and economic development. Methods To summarize and appraise these studies, we searched for and included all long-term follow-up studies based on cluster-randomized trials incl...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none fa celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that affects genetically predisposed individuals upon the ingestion of gluten. it is now considered one of the most common genetic disorders in europe and asian pacific region with a prevalence of up to 2.67% of the population. the true prevalence of celiac disease may still be underestimated. studies remain lim...

The shortfalls of observational epidemiology in terms of the generation of contradictory and spurious findings have been highlighted by many commentators—perhaps most memorably by pop-science journalist and general practitioner, James Le Fanu, who stated that ‘the simple expedient of closing down most University departments of Epidemiology could both extinguish this endlessly fertile source of ...

all the people sometimes in their life become anxious in social situations. social phobia is exaggerated form of these fears. social phobic patients are afraid of being seen. they scared of act somehow that being contemptional or shameful.researchers have found four type of cognitive bias in anxious individuals: attention bias, memory bias, judgment (reasoning) and interpretation bias.one kind ...

Background: In spite of the frequency of chronic urticaria, there are no epidemiological studies on its prevalence in Argentina. oBjective: The objective of this study was to define the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of chronic urticaria patients in Buenos Aires. Methods: The population studied were the members of the Italian Hospital Medical Care Program, a prepaid health maint...

BACKGROUND Nonprobability Web surveys using volunteer panels can provide a relatively cheap and quick alternative to traditional health and epidemiological surveys. However, concerns have been raised about their representativeness. OBJECTIVE The aim was to compare results from different Web panels with a population-based probability sample survey (n=8969 aged 18-44 years) that used computer-a...

rative reviews have been significantly increasing in most psychiatric journals in the world alongside " Psychiatry Investigation (PI) ". Since the launch of the " PI " at March 2004, there have been a number of review articles; indeed 54 papers were published as format of regular review papers or special articles in the " PI " from 2004 to 2014. However, of the 54 papers, only one review paper ...

objective: the study was designed to examine explicit memory bias in trait-anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder. method: memory bias was examined in three groups of subjects: low-trait  anxious (20 subjects), high-trait anxious (20 subjects), and obsessive compulsive patients (20 subjects) in whom danger schema were activated after they were exposed the threat-related material. the trait-a...