C ONSUMERS are expected to play an increasingly important role in current electricity markets through smart grid systems , where risk and uncertainty are becoming central issues. The availability of an advanced metering infrastructure provides one of the building blocks for bi-directional communications between consumers and suppliers, creating an opportunity for large-scale load control within...

Available transfer capability (ATC) is the transfer capability remaining in the physical transmission network for further commercial activity over and above already committed uses which needs to be posted in the electricity market to facilitate competition. ATC evaluation is a complicated task including the determination of total transfer capability (TTC) and existing transfer capability (ETC)....

In this paper, multi-objective optimization of railway wheel web profile using bidirectional evolutionary structural optimization (BESO) algorithm is investigated. Using a finite element software, static analysis of the wheel based on a standard load case, and its modal analysis for finding the fundamental natural frequency is performed. The von Mises stress and critical frequency as the proble...

crack identification is a very important issue in mechanical systems, because it is a damage that if develops may cause catastrophic failure. in the first part of this research, modal analysis of a multi-cracked variable cross-section beam is done using finite element method. then, the obtained results are validated usingthe results of experimental modal analysis tests. in the next part, a nove...

in this paper, we introduce and study the prime, strongly prime,semiprime and irreducible fuzzy bi-ideals of a semigroup. we characterize thosesemigroups for which each fuzzy bi-ideal is semiprime. we also characterizethose semigroups for which each fuzzy bi-ideal is strongly prime.

In order to improve the quality of Business Intelligence Systems in an organization we can choose to build the system using BI techniques such as OLAP and data warehousing or by using traditional reports based on SQL queries. The cost and developing time for BI tools is greater than those for SQL Reports and these factors are important in taking decisions on what type of techniques we used for ...