Taking into account competitive markets, manufacturers attend more customer’s personalization. Accordingly, build-to-order systems have been given more attention in recent years. In these systems, the customer is a very important asset for us and has been paid less attention in the previous studies. This paper introduces a new build-to-order problem in the supply chain. This study focuses on bo...

Multi-echelon distribution systems are quite common in supply-chain and logistic systems. They are used by public administrations in their transportation and traffic planning strategies as well as by companies to model their distribution systems. In the literature, most of the studies address issues related to the movement of flows throughout the system from their origins to their final destina...

the environmental rules of reverse logistic networks have caused important economic growth in the past decades. to integrate forward logistic networks with reverse logistics networks a helpful method is to design both networks simultaneously. considering more retrieval choices in modeling reverse logistic systems can be very critical. this article contains a mixed integer linear programming mod...

‎this paper proposes a multi-supplier multi-product inventory model in which the suppliers have unlimited production capacity, allow delayed payment, and offer either an all-unit or incremental discount. the retailer can delay payment until after they have sold all the units of the purchased product. the retailer’s warehouse is limited, but the surplus can be stored in a rented warehouse at a...

This paper presents a two-echelon non-repairable spare parts inventory system that consists of one warehouse and m identical retailers and implements the reorder point, order quantity (R, Q) inventory policy. We formulate the policy decision problem in order to minimize the total annual inventory investment subject to average annual ordering frequency and expected number of backorder constraint...

in today's globalization, an effective integration of production and distribution plans into a unified framework is crucial for attaining competitive advantage. this paper addresses an integrated multi-product and multi-time period production/distribution planning problem for a two-echelon supply chain subject to the real-world variables and constraints. it is assumed that all transportations a...

Aggregate production planning (APP) is a medium-term capacity planning to determine the quantity of production, inventory and work force levels to satisfy fluctuating demand over a planning horizon. The goal is to minimize costs and instabilities in the work force and inventory levels. This paper is concentrated on multi-period, multi-product and multi-machine systems with setup decisions. In t...

Manufacturing managers face increasing pressure to reduce inventories across the supply chain. However, in complex supply chains, it is not always obviouswhere to hold safety stock to minimize inventory costs and provide a high level of service to the final customer. In this paper we develop a framework for modeling strategic safety stock in a supply chain that is subject to demand or forecast ...