Introduction: Video games affect the stress system and cognitive abilities in different ways. Here, we evaluated electrophysiological and biochemical indicators of stress and assessed their effects on cognition and behavioral indexes after playing a scary video game. Methods: Thirty volunteers were recruited into two groups as control and experimental. The saliva and blood samples were collect...

Cooperation is a fundamental form of social interaction, and turn-taking reciprocity one of its most familiar manifestations. The Centipede game provides a formal model of such alternating reciprocal cooperation, but a backward induction (BI) argument appears to prove logically that instrumentally rational players would never cooperate in this way. A systematic review of experimental research r...

We give upper bounds for a positional game — in the sense of Beck — based on the Paris-Harrington principle for bi-colorings of graphs and uniform hypergraphs of arbitrary dimension. The bounds show a striking difference with respect to the bounds of the combinatorial principle itself. Our results confirm a phenomenon already observed by Beck and others: the upper bounds for the game version of...

In this paper, bi-level programming is proposed for designing a competitive supply chain network. A two-stage stochastic programming approach has been developed for a multi-product supply chain comprising a capacitated supplier, several distribution centers, retailers and some resellers in the market. The proposed model considers demand’s uncertainty and disruption in distribution centers and t...

β-Ionone (BI), a precursor for carotenoids, is widely distributed in fruit and vegetables. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated the potential anti-metastatic effects of BI, but the mechanisms underlying such actions are not clear. Because liver cancer is the most endemic cancer in Taiwan and in a large region of the world, we hereby investigate the anti-metastatic effects of BI and its mec...

We study evolutionary games on graphs. Each player is represented by a vertex of the graph. The edges denote who meets whom. A player can use any one of n strategies. Players obtain a payoff from interaction with all their immediate neighbors. We consider three different update rules, called 'birth-death', 'death-birth' and 'imitation'. A fourth update rule, 'pairwise comparison', is shown to b...

Games on lattices generalize classical cooperative games (coalitional games), bi-cooperative games, multichoice games, etc., and provide a general framework to define actions of players in a cooperative game. We provide here an axiomatization of the Shapley value and interaction index for such games.

In the explosive growth of Business to Business (B2B) Electronic Trades, electronic markets have received a great deal of attention recently. The obtained profit of trading in E-B2B market encourage market participants to remain in the market. Market participants consist of: sellers, buyers, and market owner. In this paper the expected profit function for each market participant has been define...

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecula...