But beginning with his work in the late 1970s, Sosa takes a different approach to the debate between foundationalists and coherentists over the structure of knowledge. (Indeed, Sosa takes this different approach to a number of long-standing disputes in philosophy.) Rather than assuming the sides are talking past one another, Sosa suggests that each side has identi fi ed part of the truth, but m...

In order to improve the penetration of renewable energy resources for distribution networks, a joint planning model distributed generations (DGs) and storage is proposed an active network by using bi-level programming approach in this paper. model, upper-level aims seek optimal location capacity DGs storage, while lower-level optimizes operation devices. To solve improved binary particle swarm ...

In this paper, we will investigate a buyer's decision making problem in procuring multiple products, each treated as a newsvendor, from two markets. The contract market has a long lead time, a fixed wholesale price and resource constraints. While the spot market has an instant lead time and a highly volatile price. The purchasing decision at the spot market can be made near the beginning of the...

In this article the coordination of pricing and cooperative advertising decisions in one-manufacturer one-retailer decentralized supply chain with different market power for channel members is studied. The products are both perishable and substitutable. The problem is modeled as a nonlinear bi-level programming problem to consider both retailer and manufacturer decisions about prices and advert...