Increased homocysteine (Hcy) level has been implicated as an independent risk factor for various neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Hcy has been reported to cause dopaminergic neuronal loss in rodents and causes the behavioral abnormalities. This study is an attempt to investigate molecular mechanisms underlying Hcy-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity after its chronic s...

Nitriles are a class of compounds with potential relevance to human health. Allylnitrile, one of nitriles, induces persistent behavioral abnormalities in mice. To explore what type of neuronal system is involved in these behavioral abnormalities, five neuronal markers, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), tyrosine hydroxylase, serotonin, the serotonin transporter and choline acetyltransferase were i...

As part of an investigation on the behavioral characteristics of SART-stressed animals, an animal model of autonomic imbalance, the open-field behavior of SART-stressed (repeated cold-stressed) rats was studied and compared with that of rats exposed to other types of stress. In addition, the effects of several drugs on it were also studied. As compared with normal rats, SART-stressed rats exhib...

[Purpose] The purpose of the present review is to discuss recent published articles in the understanding of efficacy of interventional exercise on autistic Fragile X syndrome (FXS) with special emphasis on its significance in clinical application in patients. [Methods] This review article was identified scientifically and/or clinically relevant articles from PubMed that directly/indirectly met ...

BACKGROUND Chromosome 22q11 deletion (del22q11), the most common microdeletion syndrome, causes a wide spectrum of clinical disorders. Recent studies have suggested that significant psychiatric and behavioral disturbances occur in up to 60% of these individuals. OBJECTIVE To illustrate the spectrum of behavioral and psychiatric abnormalities associated with del22q11 and the subtle nature of i...

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited form of autism and intellectual disability and is caused by the silencing of a single gene, fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1). The Fmr1 KO mouse displays phenotypes similar to symptoms in the human condition--including hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, and seizures--as well as analogous abnormalities in the density of dendritic spines...

Iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) produces irreversible behavioral abnormalities characterized by excitation with choreiform and circling movements (ECC) syndrome in rodents. Concomitant exposure to drugs or environmental chemicals has been shown to alter IDPN-induced neurobehavioral toxicity. This investigation was undertaken to study the effect of sodium salicylate (SS) on IDPN-induced behavioral a...

BACKGROUND Behavioral symptoms are common in both mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS We analyzed the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire data of 3,456 MCI and 2,641 mild AD National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center database participants. Using factor analysis and logistic regression we estimated the effects of age, sex, race, education, Mini-Mental State...