In a distributed system, it is often important to detect the causal relationships between events, where event e1 is causally before event e2 if e1 happened before e2 and could possibly have aaected the occurrence of e2. In this paper we argue that it can be essential to security that a process determine, in the face of malicious attack, how two events are causally related. We formulate attacks ...

In this article, we present a particle filter (PF)-based track-before-detect (PF TBD) procedure for detection of extended objects whose shape is modeled by an ellipse. By incorporating of an existence variable and the target shape parameters into the state vector, the proposed algorithm performs joint estimation of the target presence/ absence, trajectory and shape parameters under unknown nuis...

OBJECTIVES Our aim was to describe the use of balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) to select proper transcatheter heart valve (THV) size. BACKGROUND Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) measurement alone of the aortic annulus may not be adequate to select a THV size. BAV can more accurately size the aortic annulus. We report our experience using this strategy in patients undergoing THV implanta...

With the aging population and high prevalence of atherosclerosis, an increasing number of patients presenting with heart failure and angina are found to have severe coronary artery disease and severe valvular disease. These patients tend to have multiple co-morbidities such as end stage renal disease and are considered high-risk for surgery. In patients with severe coronary artery disease, seve...

The indications for intra-aortic balloon pumping vary widely from country to country and from one cardiac surgical unit to another. Its use in Glasgow from 1976 to 1983 in 63 patients has been reviewed. Six of the patients (9.5%) had the intra-aortic balloon inserted before cardiac surgery, 43 (68.2%) at the time of surgery, and 14 (22.2%) in the postoperative period. Of the 63 patients, 11 cou...

Left ventricular performance during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was assessed in 52 patients by intravenous digital subtraction ventriculography. After injection of contrast into the right atrium ventriculograms were obtained before and during balloon inflation. In 37 patients they were also obtained after the procedure. A 12 lead electrocardiogram was monitored throughout. Du...

We studied the efficacy of prophylactic internal iliac artery balloon catheterization for managing severe hemorrhage caused by pernicious placenta previa.This prospective observational study was conducted in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China. One hundred sixty-three women past 32-week's gestation with placenta previa-accreta were recruited and managed. Women in the balloon group accepted prophylact...

Delays are important markers of quality of care in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Door-to-balloon time has been related to mortality, and its relation seems to be strongest in the early hours of symptom onset. In this regards, recent American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines determine door-to-balloon time goal of <90 minutes for at least 75% of pat...

The common movement of the small intestine (SI) is peristalsis and of the large intestine (LI) are giant migrating contractions. The mechanism underlying the difference in the type of motility between the SI and LI is yet to be elucidated; the current communication investigated this point. 7 pigs (4 male) were anesthetized, abdomen opened and a balloon-ended catheter was introduced into the rig...

Congenital esophageal atresia needs to be surgically corrected as soon as possible. Some will present with post surgical stricture that needs to be dilated by a balloon dilator. This procedure is difficult in premature born due to infant esophageal size and availability of equipments. We herby report the first case in a premature infant with post surgical esophageal stricture of esophageal atre...