Museum collections provide indispensable repositories for obtaining information about the historical presence of disease in wildlife populations. The pathogenic amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has played a significant role in global amphibian declines, and examining preserved specimens for Bd can improve our understanding of its emergence and spread. Quantitative PC...

behcet's disease (bd) is a multisystemic inflammatory disease that occurs most often between the second and fourth decade of life. patients have been reported during the first months of life and after 70 years. our objective was to determine the clinical, paraclinical and genetic characteristics of bd in patients aged < 20 and > 40 years. we conducted a comparative retrospective study including...

2,3-butanediol (2,3-bd) is a valuable bulk chemical owing to its extensive application in chemical and pharmaceutical industry with diverse applications in drug, cosmetics and food products. in the present study, the biotransformation of acetoin to 2,3-bd by five plant species ( brassica oleracea , brassica rapa , daucuscarota , pastinaca sativa, and raphnussativus ) and five microorganisms ( a...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of comorbid bipolar disorder (BD) among migraineurs and the impact of migraine-BD comorbidity on disease characteristics. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 120 adult patients diagnosed with migraine at a single tertiary care center were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on sociodemographic and migraine-related characteristi...

Inflammation has a role in the cerebral injury induced by ischemia and the present study aimed to determine the mechanism of the protective effect of beef decoction (BD) with carnosine against it. A rat model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was established using a suture method in the vehicle and each of the BD groups. In experiment 1, 72 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly div...

Bowens' disease (BD) is a precancerous condition of skin and/or mucosa with a predilection towards sun-exposed areas. Extensive literature research failed to reveal any case of multiple pigmented BD in type V Fitzpatrick skin. Multiple BD is a therapeutic challenge with a tendency to recur. Here we present an otherwise healthy Indian male having multiple pigmented lesions of BD on sun-protected...

Behcet's disease (BD) is a polysymptomatic and recurrent systemic vasculitis with a chronic course and unknown cause. The pathogenesis of BD has not been fully elucidated; however, BD has been considered to be a typical Th1-mediated inflammatory disease, characterized by elevated levels of Th1 cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α. Recently, some studies reported that Th17-associated cytokin...

Let K be a Kleene algebra with tests B. As argued in Lecture ??, the structure (Mat(n,K), ∆(n,B), +, ·, ∗, , 0n, In) again forms a Kleene algebra with tests, where Mat(n,K) denotes the family of n × n matrices over K, the operations + and · are the usual operations of matrix addition and multiplication, respectively, 0n is the n × n zero matrix, and In the n × n identity matrix. The operation ∗...

Patients with bipolar disorder have tendencies of higher impulsivity and sensation seeking, they might contribute differently to the emotional states of bipolar I (BD I) and II (BD II). We administered the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), the Plutchik-van Praag Depression Inventory (PVP), the Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ), and the Hypomania Checklist (HCL-32) in 23 patien...

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder types I (BD I) and II (BD II) might present different dysfunctions of the cortex and brainstem, as reflected by the second exteroceptive suppression period of temporalis muscle activity (ES2) under different stimuli of external emotions. METHODS This study included 30 BD I and 20 BD II patients, and 40 healthy volunteers. All participants were invited to answer the...