In 1944 medical personnel in London was scattered and communications were difficult, but a meeting at the Royal Society of Medicine in November of that year was one of the most crowded ever held there. Such an audience could then have been attracted by only one subject, penicillin, which at that time was proving its worth in the treatment of battle casualties. Of the opening speakers, Fleming i...

To determine the coagulation defects associated with massive blood transfusions, coagulation studies were performed on 21 battle casualties admitted to the US Naval Support Activity Hospital, Da Nang, Vietnam. All but one patient who received less than 20 units of Acid-Citrate-Dextrose blood (7 patients) did not develop a coagulopathy. All patients who received more than 20 units (14 patients) ...

OBJECTIVE To produce a casualty profile for the Manchester bombing and to illustrate the potential uses of such templates in major incident planning. METHODS A retrospective review of casualty notes from the Manchester bombing. RESULTS A complete anonymous casualty profile for the Manchester bombing is given with AIS90 coded injuries. The majority (129, 62%) of casualties sustained minor in...

Explosive weapons remain the leading cause of death, injury, and disability to combatants in battle. Recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan have seen considerable advances in the surgical knowledge and skills needed to save life and limb of multiply injured casualties. Global terrorism has seen explosive weapons move from battlefield to urban centres, often with devastating effects. Orthopaed...

The revolution in organ transplantation that occurred between 1950 and 1963 can be used to illustrate the way that surgery has influenced science, all the while preserving a niche as an art form. This modern era of transplantation immunology had begun several years earlier when Peter Brian Medawar, a 24-year-old zoologist fresh from graduate studies at Oxford University, was assigned to the ser...

OBJECTIVE Documentation of the management of mass casualties in Tahrir Square. BACKGROUND We documented the sequences of our medical response to mass casualties in Tahrir Square between January 28, 2011, and February 4, 2011, at "Kasr El-Ainy" Cairo University Hospital, the largest hospital in the Middle East and the tertiary referral center for all hospitals in Egypt that happened to be the ...

background road traffic injuries are among the leading causes of death in the world and iran. objectives the aim of this study was to assess the role of age, sex, education, and time of accident on human casualties and mortalities of road crashes in iran. materials and methods this study was based on data gathered by iranian police department from the records of road crashes from april 4, 2008 ...