This paper presents an improved and easy-to-use battery dynamic model. The charge and the discharge dynamics of the battery model are validated experimentally with four batteries types. An interesting feature of this model is the simplicity to extract the dynamic model parameters from batteries datasheets. Only three points on the manufacturer’s discharge curve in steady state are required to o...

A state-of-the-art Chinese fuel cell city bus, using a hybrid power system is proposed. This comprises a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and Ni/MH batteries to combine the high energy density of fuel cells with the high power density of batteries. A dc/dc converter is placed between the fuel cell and the battery to control the electric power flow. This paper presents a novel control strategy...

Output power in a hybrid power system is constant while the input power with variable characteristics that is generated by different sources. Using Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) systems, is growing rapidly since there is an obvious need for clean energy. This paper introduces different parts of a HEES system and then proposes HEES systems which employ battery, ultracapacitor and f...

The Energy Storage System (ESS) is an expensive component of an E-bike. The idea of Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS), a combination between battery and Ultra-Capacitor (UC), can moderate the cost of E-bike ESS. In this paper, a cost function is developed to use for optimal sizing of a HESS. This cost function is consisted of the HESS (battery, UC and DC/DC converter) cost and the cost of bat...

Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are an emerging technology for improving fuel economy and emissions. However, hybrid powertrains are expensive to manufacture because of the sophisticated electronics required. In particular, the motor and battery requirements must be carefully considered because of the cost and weight of these components. For this reason, it is important to conduct an upfront an...

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose dependent. Human term placenta is rich in MSC and is a physically large tissue that is generally discarded following birth. Placenta is an ideal starting material for the large-scale manufacture of multiple cell doses of allogeneic MSC. The p...