the current paper aims to examine the liability observed in sphere of presentation of goods and services with the infraction of special codes and regulations related to advertising or general codes or regulations of liability with contractual or non-contractual basis. specifically, there are not any mentions about all kinds of these liabilities in the rules of iran. the current research, which ...

one of the evolutions in tort law is the colectivisation of civil liability. in the past, civil liability was collective and the effects of the person guilty haven imposed on the all members of family. then with developing of civilizations and with appearance of principle of personal liability, the collective liability has been changed to personal liability. but nowadays according to the opinio...

Background: Responsibility is a moral component. Liability usually arises from liability, according to which the person is legally liable for the damage he or she has caused to another. One of the most important parts of civil law is civil liability, and since the main purpose of civil liability rules is to compensate for material and moral damages and to repair the damage, the government is no...

one example of unfair competition is competition through discrediting a competitor. french doctrine and precedent has been accepted and it has explained this legal entity. but the richness of the iranian legal literature on this subject is not enough. therefore, in this paper a review of unfair competition, while explaining the concept and its variants, and based on the analysis of the resultin...

I think that there is a general understanding abroad in the land about the relationship between the ordinary principles of liability for copyright infringement and the limits on liability for online service providers (OSPs) in sections 512(c) and 512(d). The basic view is that these sections depart from the traditional copyright regime by protecting OSPs from claims of direct copyright infringe...

the law of the continental europe is considered an offspring of the roman law. in the roman law the “fault” was considered as the basis of liability. the doctrine of fault was included in the french civil code of 1804 through the roman law, and from there, made its way into the laws of other european and non-european countries. according to the instruction of the holy prophet of islam (pbuh), i...

The extent and existence of defensive medicine in the face of medical malpractice liability pressure is a perennial subject of both policy and academic debate. In this paper, I investigate the impact of a series of court rulings in Taiwan that increased physicians’ liability risks, and a subsequent amendment to the law that reversed the courts’ rulings, on physicians’ test-ordering behavior and...