?^etschmann1 has collected very interesting evidence from classical writers, Egyptian papyri, and monuments, of the god ^hot, as a surgeon and physician. Although legendary, it is Pfobably the earliest reference to the science and art of medicine, and is the embodiment of the earliest human ideas known to Us ?n the subject. Thot, the feudal divinity of Hermopolis in Middle Egypt, ^Vas ^presente...

The polymer modification of short nucleotide sequences has been achieved for future use as self-assembled biologically active structures with sizes in the nanometre range. Co-assembly of the resulting DNA-based amphiphilic block copolymers with native proteins demonstrates the self-assembly of biological-like vesicular structures.

The general Markov model (GMM) of nucleotide substitution does not assume the evolutionary process to be stationary, reversible, or homogeneous. The GMM can be simplified by assuming the evolutionary process to be stationary. A stationary GMM is appropriate for analyses of phylogenetic data sets that are compositionally homogeneous; a data set is considered to be compositionally homogeneous if ...

A basic task in the analysis of count data from RNA-Seq is the detection of differentially expressed genes. The count data are presented as a table which reports, for each sample, the number of reads that have been assigned to a gene. Analogous analyses also arise for other assay types, such as comparative ChIP-Seq. The package DESeq provides methods to test for differential expression by use o...

Interactions occur between two or more organisms affecting each other. Interactions are decisive for the ecology of the organisms. Without direct experimental evidence the analysis of interactions is difficult. Correlation analyses that are based on co-occurrences are often used to approximate interaction. Here, we present a new mathematical model to estimate the interaction strengths between t...

Until recently, it was assumed that any short DNA segment could be regarded as a straight rod. Many instances, however, have been reported in which the helical axis was curved. In this study, to gain a general insight into the structural features of sequence-directed DNA curvatures, we constructed a set of plasmids carrying curved DNA segments, which were randomly cloned from Streptomyces total...

Abstract A basic task in the analysis of count data from RNA-Seq is the detection of differentially expressed genes. The count data are presented as a table which reports, for each sample, the number of reads that have been assigned to a gene. Analogous analyses also arise for other assay types, such as comparative ChIP-Seq. The package DESeq provides a method to test for differential expressio...

The nucleotide sequences of tobacco chloroplast genes for elongator tRNAMet and tRNAVal (UAC) have been determined. The tRNAVal gene contains a 571 base pairs intron located in the anticodon loop. The tRNAVal gene is transcribed as a 750 bases precursor RNA molecule. Both tRNAs deduced from the DNA sequences show 97% sequence homologies with those of spinach chloroplasts.

The flipping-out of a DNA base from the double helical structure is a key step of many cellular processes, such as DNA replication, modification and repair. Base pair opening is the first step of base flipping and the exact mechanism is still not well understood. We investigate sequence effects on base pair opening using extensive classical molecular dynamics simulations targeting the opening o...