OBJECTIVE To review and compare the 'metabolic' component of an acid-base abnormality by assessing the arterial blood bicarbonate and the 'strong ion difference'. DATA SOURCES A review of published peer-review articles and studies reported from 1983 to 1999 and identified through a MEDLINE search on 'strong ion difference'. SUMMARY OF REVIEW The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation describes the ...

This note provides two necessary and sufficient conditions for the relative interior of the core (and the base polyhedron) to be non-empty: (i) the second largest excess of the prenucleolus is negative; (ii) the grand coalition's payoff is greater than the minimum no-blocking payoff. Such conditions imply an intuitive method in proving core existence, they also imply results on the sensitivity ...

During human adenovirus type 3 (Ad3) infection, an excess of penton base and fiber proteins are produced which form dodecahedral particles composed of 12 pentamers of penton base and 12 trimers of fiber protein. No biological functions have yet been ascribed to Ad3 dodecahedra. Here, we show that dodecahedra compete with Ad3 virions for binding to the cell surface and trigger cell remodeling, g...

TO THE EDITOR: Dilution acidosis as described by Wolf and DeLand (6) is an interesting but often overlooked phenomenon. We ourselves have needed a long time before understanding that the opposite, i.e., withdrawal of water, causes alkalosis (e.g., 1). During exercise a water shift from blood and interstitial fluid to the working muscles concentrates extracellular buffers (proteins and bicarbona...