Visual stimulus configuration can influence elementary visual processes. We provide empirical evidence to demonstrate this effect in stereoscopic depth discrimination. Two vertically aligned bars were presented in stereo such that one of them was closer to the human observer. Observers discriminated which of the two was closest. In the first, "occluded" condition, a horizontal bar, positioned c...

Contrast thresholds for sine-wave gratings are raised when the gratings are compressively sampled into a set of narrow bright bars on a dark background, even though this method of sampling preserves the mean luminance and contrast of the grating. Burr et al. [(1985). Vision Research, 25, 717-727] suggested threshold elevation was due to localized luminance adaptation to the sample bars, whose a...

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) material is currently being produced in different configurations and widely used to strengthen and retrofit concrete structures and bridges. It is also possible to apply other strengthening methods without changing the appearance or the dimensions of the structure. Near Surface Mounted (NSM) is a recent strengthening method using CFRP bars (rods or laminate strips...

The application of external post-tensioned steel bars as an effective way to strengthen an existing bridge has been so far used in many different countries. In recent decades, however, they have been replaced by bars made from Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP), as a material with high tensile strength and corrosion resistance, to address several concerns with steel bars such as their appli...

We analyze electron transport in multiprobe quantum spin Hall (QSH) bars using the Büttiker formalism and draw parallels with their quantum Hall (QH) counterparts. We find that in a QSH bar the measured resistance changes upon introducing side voltage probes, in contrast to the QH case. We also study fourand six-terminal geometries and derive the expressions for the resistances. For these our a...

Membrane bending is accomplished in part by amphipathic helix insertion into the bilayer and the assembly of BAR domain scaffolds preparing the membrane for fission. Two recent studies highlight the roles of amphipathic helices and BAR scaffolds in membrane fission and establish the structural basis of membrane bending by the N-BAR protein endophilin.

I present a catalog of 67 barred galaxies which contain distinct, elliptical stellar structures inside their bars. Fifty of these are double-barred galaxies: a small-scale, inner or secondary bar is embedded within a largescale, outer or primary bar. I provide homogenized measurements of the sizes, ellipticities, and orientations of both inner and outer bars, along with global parameters for th...

In this study, the pitting behaviour of a new corrosion-resistant alloy steel (CR) is compared to that of low-carbon steel (LC) in a simulated concrete pore solution with a chloride concentration of 5 mol/L. The electrochemical behaviour of the bars was characterised using linear polarisation resistance (LPR) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The pitting profiles were detected b...

The last few years witnessed a change of perspective in the context of galaxy formation and evolution. The major role played by bars in the history of these fundamental building blocks of our universe was finally realized. However, and despite the fact that one of the major concerns of any physical science is to measure timescales for natural phenomena, we have as yet no established way to esti...

Both primary and secondary (tongue) bars of the pharyngeal gill basket are covered by epithelial cells that are continuous with the cells that line the atrium. Anterior and posterior faces of the gill bars are covered with lateral ciliated cells, which possess a single cilium, ringed by microvilli, and an elaborate basal mitochondria-rootlet apparatus. Pharyngeal faces of the gill bars are cove...