Recent studies with numerical models regarding edge protection systems (EPS), class C according to standard EN 13374, showed that some requirements are inadequate for human safety. This problem mainly arises when a person is injured by falling directly against the EPS supports. To analyse this subject, three series of numerical models, in accordance with EN 13374, have been produced. The paper ...

Dimming fluorescent lamps is an attractive feature that provides mood and brightness effects as well as having tremendous energy savings potential. Designing a dimmable electronic ballast, however, is a complicated and challenging task. This paper presents an overview for designing a dimming electronic ballast for a T5 35W lamp. Lamp requirements, dimming control methods, and resonant output st...

This paper evaluates the different AREMA gradations currently in use for their effects on both ballast void space and load carrying performances using a discrete particle analysis computational technique called Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The effect of gradation on aggregate assembly volumetric properties was first studied. Full-scale ballast layers with common gradations listed in AREMA s...

Ballast, typically comprising large sized aggregate particles with uniform gradation, is an essential layer in the railroad track substructure. Functions of ballast include facilitating load distribution and drainage, maintaining track geometry and track stability, and providing track resilience and noise absorption. Throughout its service life, ballast goes through changes in gradation and par...

Vertical migrations of living organisms and settling of particle-attached organisms lead to uneven distributions of biota at different depths in the water column. In ballast tanks, heterogeneity could lead to different population estimates depending on the portion of the discharge sampled. For example, concentrations of organisms exceeding a discharge standard may not be detected if sampling oc...

Removal of turbidity, phytoplankton, and zooplankton from ballast water with waste-tire-made crumb rubber filtration was evaluated in this study. The influences of various design, operational, and water quality parameters (filter depth, media size, filtration rate, temperature, turbidity, running time, etc.) on filtration performance were investigated. Statistical approaches were used to develo...

Electronic ballasts are designed to fulfill a variety of different input and output specifications depending on their end application and performance requirements. These designs typically include non-PFC, passive PFC and active PFC input stages, and, single, dual or multi-lamp output stages. The input voltage requirements for each design can vary significantly depending on the final application...

CONDUCTION-MODE VOLTAGE SOURCE CHARGE-PUMP POWER FACTOR CORRECTION ELECTRONIC BALLAST * Ray-Lee Lin, Hsu-Ming Shih, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan Chen-Yao Liu, Kuo-Bin Liu, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan Abstract This paper presents the piezoelectric transformer (PT) based continuous-conduction-mode (CCM) voltage source (VS) charge-pump (CP) pow...

  ABSTRACT Background: Invasion  by  different  kinds  of  ballast  water  microorganisms  is  one  of  the  most important  marine  environment  problems  around  the  world therefore  preventing the  invasion  of  these  unwanted  and  harmful  stowaways  is  one  of  the  main strategies  of  responsible  agencies.  Some  of  these  methods  such  as  ocean excha...

Regulations for ballast water treatment specify limits on the concentrations of living cells in discharge water. The vital stains fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (CMFDA) in combination have been recommended for use in verification of ballast water treatment technology. We tested the effectiveness of FDA and CMFDA, singly and in combination, in discriminating ...