This paper provides evidence of the significant negative health externalities of traffic congestion. We exploit the introduction of electronic toll collection, or E-ZPass, which greatly reduced traffic congestion and emissions from motor vehicles in the vicinity of highway toll plazas. Specifically, we compare infants born to mothers living near toll plazas to infants born to mothers living nea...

A novel calcium-dependent potassium current (K slow ) that slowly activates in response to a simulated islet burst was identified recently in mouse pancreatic -cells (Göpel, S.O., T. Kanno, S. Barg, L. Eliasson, J. Galvanovskis, E. Renström, and P. Rorsman. 1999. J. Gen. Physiol. 114:759–769). K slow activation may help terminate the cyclic bursts of Ca 2 -dependent action potentials that drive...

introduction the avan cu-fe skarn is located at the southern margin of qaradagh batholith, about 60 km north of tabriz. the skarn-type metasomatic alteration is the result of qaradagh batholith intrusion into the upper cretaceous impure carbonates. the studied area belongs to the central iranian structural zone. in regional scale, the studied area is a part of the zangezour mineralization zone ...

1. introduction floods are among earth's most common and most destructive natural hazards. floods create geomorphic hazards via changes in sediment transport and channel configuration (e.g. channel width, lateral migration, planform changes, etc). in this context, floodplain zoning and its application in spatial planning is important in non- structural measures in order to reducing flood damage...

This paper exploits the discrete change in air pollutants induced by the installation of small-scale power plants throughout Mexico to measure the causal relationship between air pollution and infant mortality, and if this relationship varies by municipality’s socio-economic conditions. The estimated elasticity for changes in infant mortality due to respiratory diseases with respect to changes ...

When conceptualizing “The Unexpected Caribbean” special issue for the journal of Women, Gender, and Families Color, we, as editors, sought to contest many stereotypical visualizations Caribbean its diasporas highlight some unexpected counternarratives innovations in representation that appear literature, arts, society. Focusing on women, gender, families allowed us consider how women—typically ...

A large body of research documents the importance of early life conditions for the health and human capital formation of children. The detrimental effects of alcohol exposure in utero are well documented, and therefore identifying effective methods for preventing harmful maternal alcohol consumption is of great importance. We exploit the stepwise introduction of alcohol screening and brief inte...

Valuing Internet retail firms is made very difficult by the fact that the firms will have to raise margins in the future in order to survive. This raises the question: can these firms raise margins? How competitive are Internet retail markets? Despite the interest in measuring price sensitivity of online consumers, most academic work on Internet commerce is hindered by a lack of data on quantit...