Usually, tool steels are used in quenched and tempered conditions. Due to the phase transition from austenite martensite volume change during transformation, controlling distortion might be challenging. A newly developed steel focusing on a bainitic structure, even for bigger dimensions, shows lower hardness at ambient temperature than conventional hot working but with dependency. Therefore, se...

In this paper, a new low-carbon alloy gear steel is designed via Si/Al alloying. The carburizing and austempering, at temperature slightly higher than the martensitic transformation point (Ms) of surface much lower Ms core, for different times, were carried out on newly steel. After heat treatment, series microstructures (superfine bainitic ferrite + retained austenite, superfine martensite aus...

• Limited effect of temerping at 400 and 500°C on non-ausformed crabide-free bainite. Dilatometric contraction occurred for ausformed bainite sample due to cementite precipitation. Carbon diffusion was enhanced by dislocations generated during ausforming processes. The influence tempering 500 °C two bainitic ferrite microstructures obtained via pure isothermal transformation followed the studie...

Abstract In this study, 45Si2MnCr2Mo steel was fabricated by casting, hot rolling, and normalizing, followed tempering at different temperatures from 180 to 520 °C for 2 h. Special attention paid the effects of on microstructure mechanical properties steel. The results indicate that tempered consists bainite, martensite, retained austenite (RA), it is not sensitive below 320 °C. However, after ...