Members of the protein family of immunoglobulin A1 protease-like autotransporters comprise multidomain precursors consisting of a C-terminal autotransporter domain that promotes the translocation of N-terminally attached passenger domains across the cell envelopes of gram-negative bacteria. Several autotransporter domains have recently been shown to efficiently promote the export of heterologou...

Yeast surface display (YSD) is a powerful tool for engineering the affinity, specificity, and stability of antibodies, as well as other proteins. Since first described in 1997 by Boder and Wittrup, YSD has been employed successfully in engineering a number of antibodies, as well as T-cell receptors. A recently reported large nonimmune single chain antibody library serves as a good starting poin...

The core protein of the hepatitis B virus, HBcAg, assembles into highly immunogenic virus-like particles (HBc VLPs) when expressed in a variety of heterologous systems. Specifically, the major insertion region (MIR) on the HBcAg protein allows the insertion of foreign sequences, which are then exposed on the tips of surface spike structures on the outside of the assembled particle. Here, we pre...

Since 3D medical images such as SPECT and MRI are taken under different patients positioning and imaging parameters, interpretation of them, as reconstructed originally, does not provide an easy and accurate understanding of similarities and differences between them. The problem becomes more crucial where a clinician would like to map accurately region of interest from one study to the ot...

In this paper we describe our efforts to create a surface display system that produces realistic representations of real-world surfaces. Our system, based on a desktop PC with GPU hardware, LCD display, light and position sensors, and custom graphics software, supports the photometrically accurate and visually realistic real-time simulation and display of surfaces with complex color, gloss, and...

Two approaches for modeling surfaces from a collection of range maps and associated color images are covered. The rst approach presents a method that robustly obtains a closed mesh that approximates the object geometry. The mesh can then be simpliied and texture mapped for display. The second approach does not attempt to create a single object model. Instead, a set of models is constructed, one...

since 3d medical images such as spect and mri are taken under different patients positioning and imaging parameters, interpretation of them, as reconstructed originally, does not provide an easy and accurate understanding of similarities and differences between them. the problem becomes more crucial where a clinician would like to map accurately region of interest from one study to the other, b...

Affinity maturation of receptor-ligand interactions represents an important area of academic and pharmaceutical research. Improving affinity and specificity of proteins can tailor potency for both in vivo and in vitro applications. A number of different display platforms including phage display, bacterial and yeast display, ribosome display, and mRNA display can optimize protein affinity and sp...

Endocytosis directs molecular cargo along three main routes: recycling to the cell surface, transport to the Golgi apparatus or degradation in endolysosomes. Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) is a bacterial protein that typically traffics to the Golgi and then the endoplasmic reticulum before translocating to the cytosol. Here we show that a substantial fraction of internalized PE is also located in ...