As service providers move more applications to their IP/MPLS (Multiple Protocol Label Switching) networks, rapid restoration upon failure becomes more and more crucial. Recently MPLS fast reroute has attracted lots of attention as it was designed to meet the needs of real-time applications, such as voice over IP. MPLS fast reroute achieves rapid restoration by computing and signaling backup lab...

In real-time systems, tasks have deadlines to be met despite the presence of faults. Primary-Backup (PB) scheme is one of the most common schemes that has been employed for fault-tolerant scheduling of real-time tasks, wherein each task has two versions and the versions are scheduled on two different processors with time exclusion. There have been techniques proposed for improving schedulabilit...

This paper considers the following backup scheme for a database system: a database is updated at a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and an amount of updated files accumulates additively. To ensure the safety of data, full backup are performed at time NT=L or when the database fails, whichever occurs first, and between them, incremental backups are made at periodic times iT (i=1, 2, ..., N-1) so a...

Efficient planning plays a crucial role in model-based reinforcement learning. Traditionally, the main planning operation is a full backup based on the current estimates of the successor states. Consequently, its computation time is proportional to the number of successor states. In this paper, we introduce a new planning backup that uses only the current value of a single successor state and h...

In this paper we examine the potential bene ts of dedicated backup route(s) to provide survivability for ATM group communications. Specifically we examine the feasibility of providing survivability using working multipoint routes with disjoint dedicated backup multipoint routes where the multipoint routes are setup using either Virtual Rings, shared multicast trees, or VC Mesh groups. We introd...

Catastrophic failures in power grid due to maloperation of traditional backup protection system (e.g. third zone of distance relays) was one of the main causes of many cascade trips. This paper assess a new wide-area backup protection system (WABPS) based on phasor measurement units (PMU), to improve third zone of distance relays to avoid its mal-operation. Based on this assessment, phasor meas...

This paper presents a survey of backup techniques for protecting file systems. These include such choices as device-based or file-based backup schemes, full vs. incremental backups, and optional data compression. Next, we discuss techniques for on-line backup (backups performed while users continue to access the file system); these techniques include file system locking and creating instantaneo...

Objective: To identify candidate biomarkers correlated with clinical prognosis of patients with bladder cancer (BC). Methods: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was applied to build a co-expression network to identify hub genes correlated with tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging of BC patients. Functional enrichment analysis was conducted to functionally annotate the hub genes. Protei...

    Hub covering location problem, Network design,   Single machine scheduling, Genetic algorithm,   Shuffled frog leaping algorithm   Hub location problems (HLP) are synthetic optimization problems that appears in telecommunication and transportation networks where nodes send and receive commodities (i.e., data transmissions, passengers transportation, express packages, postal deliveries, etc....

The hub location problem is employed for many real applications, including delivery, airline and telecommunication systems and so on. This work investigates on hierarchical hub network in which a three-level network is developed. The central hubs are considered at the first level, at the second level, hubs are assumed which are allocated to central hubs and the remaining nodes are at the third ...