Low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints and, from a public health perspective, is the most costly (1,2). In most cases, it is benign and disappears within six weeks, but approximately 20% of individuals with lumbar pain do not show any improvement in their condition, which may progress to chronic low back pain. This chronic condition is difficult to manage and is corr...

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between biopsychosocial functioning and pain severity and to evaluate whether pain self-efficacy (PSE) mediates this relationship. This study used archival data from a multidisciplinary pain management program. Participants were 99 individuals (69% female) with chronic low back pain who completed measures of biological, psychological, and so...

Chronic lower back pain (CLBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in modern society which seriously impacts the people’s daily life [1]. Approximately 70–85% people suffer lower back pain (LBP) at some point in their lives [2]. The recently global review of the prevalence of LBP in the adult general population was published in 2000 and showed point prevalence of 12–33% and 1-ye...

By using a population-based cohort of the general Dutch population, the authors studied whether an excessively negative orientation toward pain (pain catastrophizing) and fear of movement/(re)injury (kinesiophobia) are important in the etiology of chronic low back pain and associated disability, as clinical studies have suggested. A total of 1,845 of the 2,338 inhabitants (without severe diseas...

OBJECTIVE To determine, for adults with chronic low back pain, which exercise interventions are the most effective at reducing pain compared to other treatments. DATA SOURCES A search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO and The Cochrane Library was conducted up to October 2014. REVIEW METHODS Databases were searched for published reports of randomised trials that investigated ...

Objective Differences in postural control and gait have been identified between people with and without chronic low back pain (CLBP); however, many previous studies present data from small samples, or have used methodologies with questionable reliability. This study, employing robust methodology, hypothesised that there would be a difference in postural control, and spatiotemporal parameters of...

BACKGROUND The most important part in experiencing and recognizing the threshold of pain is the perception of pain. Reflexology is a kind of complementary therapy which is rooted in the beliefs of the community. This study was aimed to determine the effect of reflexology on pain perception aspects in patients with chronic low back pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS This single-blind clinical trial s...

The aim of this review was to investigate current evidence for the type and quality of exercise being offered to chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients, within randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and to assess how treatment outcomes are being measured. A two-fold methodological approach was adopted: a methodological assessment identified RCTs of 'medium' or 'high' methodological quality. Exerci...

BACKGROUND While low back pain (LBP) and neck pain (NP) have been extensively studied, knowledge on mid back pain (MBP) is still lacking. Furthermore, pain from these three spinal areas is typically studied or reported separately and in depth understanding of pain from the entire spine and its consequences is still needed. OBJECTIVES To describe self-reported consequences of pain in the three...

Previous experiments demonstrating a reduction of tumorigenicity by roughening the surfaces of plastics implanted in rodents, or by increasing the pore size of cellulose filter implants, were repeated with observations on cellular attachment to these objects and to filters strengthened and made impermeable by bonding to plastic. Round 13-mm discs of methylmethacrylate implanted S.C. in A/BiF/F5...