Objective(s): Infection with tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as a major health issue. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance during TB treatment, prevention via vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling the infection. DNA vaccines are developed at a greater pace due to their ability in generating a long-lasting immune response, higher safety com...

The spectacular failure of the existing bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in recent tuberculosis-control trials has prompted a search for potential replacements. Imaginative approaches currently under development include the modulation of BCG by the production of auxotrophic mutants or cytokine-secreting recombinants, and the development of subunit vaccines based on the major proteins of My...

There is strong evidence that tuberculin sensitivity cannot be used to evaluate the efficacy of different strains of bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). For identifying efficacious strains of BCG and evaluating candidates for new vaccines, the best method is a randomized trial. Simple trials in which newborns would be vaccinated with new and old vaccines in alternate years could demonstrate which va...

Published reports appear to underestimate the true rate of adverse reactions to bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. At a recent national conference on tuberculosis control among aboriginal populations, lack of awareness of what constitutes an adverse reaction was considered a possible contributing factor to underreporting. The following review defines a normal BCG response and discusses the ...

A 13-year-old girl developed bilateral chronic anterior uveitis following bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. HLA testing was negative for B27 but positive for DRB1 *0404, a variant of DR4 often associated with rheumatoid arthritis. The authors propose her HLA repertoire allowed for a BCG-induced abnormal autoimmune response by the mechanism of molecular mimicry.

Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy for the treatment of bladder cancer (BC) depends on recognition bacteria by extracellular toll-like receptors (TLRs) or detection mycobacterial DNA endosomal TLRs cGAS-STING pathway. Agonists related to these innate immune pathways have been developed as adjuvants potentiate effects immunotherapy. As are important action BCG and other agonists propos...

BACKGROUND Pneumonitis is a rare complication of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy seen in patients with urothelial cancer following the repeated administration of BCG. However, no case of BCG-induced pleurisy has been reported. CASE PRESENTATION We here report the first case of pneumonitis with lymphocytic pleurisy following bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy. Although m...