Background and Objective: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are both transmitted by the fecal-oral route and are known as leading causes of acute viral hepatitis in the world, especially in developing countries. There is a lack of updated data on HAV and HEV seroprevalence in the north of Iran. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV among blood donors ...

Background. Despite decades of research and the availability of effective analgesic approaches, many children continue to experience moderate-to-severe pain after hospitalization. Greater research efforts are needed to identify the factors that facilitate effective pain management. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of Iranian nurses on facilitators of pain management in child...

Dear Editor, Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of abdominal pain that leads to surgery. About 10 % of people for are affected by this disease throughout life (1). More than half of patients with appendicitis had history of vague abdominal pain, nausea and anorexia. Finally, pain is shifted to the right lower quadrant of abdomen (2, 3). It should be noted that the prevalence of age, ge...

Dear Editor, Stillbirth rate still continues to be high in the world. Some studies have reported stillbirth rate to be between 10.4 and 46.4 per 1000 birth. The aim of this case control study was to investigate the incidence of stillbirth and the risk factors at Babol hospitals, Northern Iran. A total of 4219 live births and 86 stillbirths were reported in the 7 month period. The rate of stillb...