The aim of this fMRI study was to identify neuroanatomical substrates of immediate memory underlying phonological processing. To distinguish encoding of immediate memory from rehearsal, participants were required to match tones from the first and last positions of a three-syllable list to their following probes in an immediate-recognition paradigm. The first position task included intervening d...

The present experiments investigated the idea that the anticipated delay to initial recall governs whether a subject will rely on elaborative or maintenance rehearsal. In agreement with earlier research, the results suggested that maintenance rehearsal is used only when words can be rehearsed up to the moment of recall. A novel finding concerned the accessibility of the items processed in that ...

Retrieval inhibition hypothesis of directed forgetting effects assumed TBF (to-be-forgotten) items were not retrieved intentionally, while selective rehearsal hypothesis assumed the memory representation of retrieved TBF (to-be-forgotten) items was weaker than TBR (to-be-remembered) items. Previous studies indicated that directed forgetting effects of item-cueing method resulted from selective ...

Recent studies have proposed that a common mechanism may underlie spatial attention and spatial working memory. One proposal is that spatial working memory is maintained by attention-based rehearsal [Awh, E., Jonides, J., & Reuter-Lorenz, P. A. (1998). Rehearsal in spatial working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), 780-790], and so a spatial att...

Flashbulb memory (FBM) refers to the vivid memory for the context of learning about a public news event. Past research has identified a number of factors that influence the formation of FBM, such as the importance of the event, the experience of intense emotions, and the amount of post-event rehearsal. Although such factors may be universal in predicting FBM formation across cultures, they may ...

Brain activity immediately before an event can predict whether the event will later be remembered. This indicates that memory formation is influenced by anticipatory mechanisms engaged ahead of stimulus presentation. Here, we asked whether anticipatory processes affect the learning of short word lists, and whether such activity varies as a function of serial position. Participants memorized lis...