A rapid and divergent access to chiral azacyclic nucleoside analogues has been established via highly exo-selective and enantioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with β-nucleobase substituted acrylates. Using 1 mol% of a chiral copper complex, various chiral azacyclic nucleoside analogues were obtained in high yields, excellent exo-selectivities and enantioselectivities (9...

A new family of chiral ferrocenyl P,S-ligands has been developed and successfully applied in a highly endo-selective catalytic asymmetric cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with various enones, including cyclic and acyclic α-enones. For cyclic α-enones, a [Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)]ClO(4)/(R(c),S(Fc))-2f complex catalyzed the cycloaddition to give the sole endo-cycloadducts in perfect enantioselectivities...

A new series of spiropyrrolidine compounds containing indole/indazole moieties as side chains have been accomplished via a one-pot multicomponent synthesis. The method uses the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between N-alkylvinylindole/indazole and azomethine ylides, prepared in situ from cyclic/acyclic amino acids. The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition proceeds efficiently under thermal conditions ...

Degradation of dyes is an important environmental issue. In order to avoid the carcinogenic risks in anaerobic-aerobic biological process for wastewater containing azo dyes, a hemin based biomimetic oxidative degradation of azo dyes was developed. Acid orange 7 (AO7) was selected as the model for azo dye and the high efficient degradation was achieved in hemin/H2O2 system at pH 11.0. Degradatio...

Azoreductases have been characterized as enzymes that can decolorize azo dyes by reducing azo groups. In this study, genes encoding proteins having homology with the azoreductase gene of Bacillus sp. OY1-2 were obtained from Bacillus subtilis ATCC6633, B. subtilis ISW1214, and Geobacillus stearotherophilus IFO13737 by polymerase chain reaction. All three genes encoded proteins with 174 amino ac...

Azo dyes are commonly used in many commercial industries. Some of the azo dyes can produce carcinogenic compounds after being metabolized by azoreductase. Several human intestinal microbiota possess azoreductase activity which plays an important role in the toxicity and mutagenicity of these azo dye compounds. The acpD gene product (AzoEf1) responsible for the azoreductase activity of Enterococ...

The non-antigenicity of gelatin was attributed for a long time to its lack of aromatic amino-acids. Later, Landsteiner [1919] and Hooker & Boyd [1932] introduced aromatic determinant groups into the gelatin molecule by coupling it with diazotized arsanilic acid. Injection of arsanil-azo-gelatin into rabbits furnished inmmune sera which gave slight precipitates with the arsanil-azo-compounds of ...

Under anaerobic conditions the sulfonated azo dye Mordant Yellow 3 was reduced by the biomass of a bacterial consortium grown aerobically with 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid. Stoichiometric amounts of the aromatic amines 6-aminonaphthalene-2-sulfonate and 5-aminosalicylate were generated and excreted into the medium. After re-aeration of the culture, these amines were mineralized by differe...

High density three-dimensional AZO/Al2O3/AZO nanocapacitor arrays have been fabricated for energy storage applications. Using atomic layer deposition technique, the stack of AZO/Al2O3/AZO has been grown in the porous anodic alumina template which is directly formed on the Si substrate. The fabricated capacitor shows a high capacitance density of 15.3 fF/μm2 at 100 kHz, which is nearly 2.5 times...

Five hundred-nanometer-thick ZnO-based textured polycrystalline films consisting of 490-nm-thick Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films deposited on 10-nm-thick Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) films exhibited a high Hall mobility (μ H) of 50.1 cm(2)/Vs with a carrier concentration (N) of 2.55 × 10(20) cm(-3). Firstly, the GZO films were prepared on glass substrates by ion plating with dc arc discharge, and the AZO films ...