We describe the muon track direction (pointing backwards along the trajectory) by the zenith angle Θ and azimuth Φ. The position of one point on the muon trajectory can be taken as the point of closest approach to the axis of the detector cylinder. The distance of closest approach of the muon track to the axis is denoted by b in what follows. Uncertainty in the extrapolated track arising from p...

Abstract: In this study, the effective solar irradiation on PV surface, electricity generation, and performance ratios of a small-scale system were investigated for 100 kW on-grid in Konya, Turkey, by PVsyst software. Five different azimuth angles as -30°, -15°, 0°, 15°, 30° no-shading simulations with fixed optimum tilt angle 33°. As result, highest radiation comes to an 0° 1966.4 kWh/m², whic...

Asymptotic models (small perturbation and small slope approximation at first-order, Kirchhoff approximation or two-scale model) used to predict the normalized radar cross section of the sea surface generally fail to reproduce in detail backscatter radar measurements. In particular, the predicted polarization ratio versus incidence and azimuth angles is not in agreement with experimental data. T...

The objectives of this memo are threefold. First, the antenna coordinate system used for antenna gain, steering computations and image time predictions is defined. Secondly, the look vector along the Doppler centroid (or locus of points of maximal gain at a specified range) is derived in terms of the yaw, pitch and roll of the platform, the antenna azimuth steering angle and the mounting angle ...

To study the radar cross-section (RCS) of a flapping-wing aircraft, method dynamic scattering is presented. The aircraft has two rigid wings and fuselage similar to bird’s body, where plane shape wing U-type. model established pitching flapping actions are simulated. electromagnetic characteristics under flight modes, different wave frequencies observation angles investigated. results show that...

In this article, we consider the uniform circular arrays (UCAs) with the number of antenna elements insufficient to apply the traditional beamspace-based algorithms, which are labeled as sparse UCAs. For such UCAs, we propose a new hybrid approach for 2D direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation in the presence of mutual coupling. Using the manifold decomposition technique, we present two new formu...

Rotation modulation is an effective method to enhance the accuracy of an inertial navigation system (INS) by modulating the gyroscope drifts and accelerometer bias errors into periodically varying components. The typical RINS drives the inertial measurement unit (IMU) rotation along the vertical axis and the horizontal sensors' errors are modulated, however, the azimuth angle error is closely r...

Recently, there has been great interest in the development of advanced radar systems with phased arrays [1], [2]. In traditional multichannel radar array systems, the number of receivers should be equal to the number of receiving antennas, so the hardware expense and power consumption are very high [3]. A radar array system based on antenna switching is a promising substitute due to its lower c...

This study involves the application of fan flow deflectors for suppression of jet noise from low-bypass turbofan engines for next-generation supersonic aircraft. Experiments using canonical vane deflectors seek to establish correlations between aerodynamics, distortion of the mean velocity field in the jet plume, and noise reduction. The maximum radial velocity gradient, as a function of axial ...