BACKGROUND Lymphedema is one of the major long-term complications of axillary dissection. This study was designed to investigate the risk factors that are predicted to effect the development of lymphedema after complete axillary dissection. METHODS Two hundred forty patients who had undergone modified radical mastectomy with complete axillary dissection were examined at least 18 months after ...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the correlations between rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway and clinicopathological features and prognosis for patients with breast cancer having axillary lymph node metastasis. METHODS A total of 118 breast cancer tissues with axillary lymph node metast...

IMPORTANCE Although axillary lymph node evaluation is standard of care in the surgical management of invasive breast cancer, a benefit has not been demonstrated in ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Despite uncertainty regarding the efficacy, axillary evaluation is often performed in women with DCIS. OBJECTIVE To determine the incidence of axillary evaluation in women with DCIS and identify cli...

PURPOSE The study was to estimate the likelihood of axillary downstaging and to identify the factors predicting a pathologically node negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with or without trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer. METHODS Patients with HER2-positive, stage IIa-IIIc breast cancer were enrolled. Axillary status was evaluated by palpation and fine needle aspirati...

BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring malignancies in females in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Axillary clearance is an integral part of the surgical treatment of breast cancer. Precise analysis of lymph node involvement for proper staging and adjuvant therapy is therefore necessary. During axillary dissection, lymph nodes at levels I, II and III are removed, while ...

PURPOSE To determine the accuracy of temporal artery and axillary temperatures and the discomfort level of stable neonates during temperature measurement. SUBJECTS Convenience sample of neonates between the ages of 32 and 40 weeks' gestation cared for in an isolette or crib. DESIGN A method-comparison design was used to compare different methods for noninvasive temperature monitoring (infra...

AIM This study aimed to determine findings of axillary view mammogram (MMG) and ultrasound (USG) of the ipsilateral side in post-mastectomy patients and to document difficulty level in performing the axillary view and patients' pain level during the procedure. METHODS Post-mastectomy patients who had MMG and USG on follow-up during an 18-months period were included. The MMG and USG findings o...

The (E)-3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid (E3M2H), an axillary odor-related compound, is known to occur in Caucasians. The aims of this study were to clarify whether E3M2H contributes to axillary odor in Asians and to quantify and compare individual levels of E3M2H. Quantitative determination of E3M2H was performed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of sweat extracted from the axillary are...

AIMS This paper describes a simple technique of axillary and breast massage which improves the successful identification of blue sentinel nodes using patent blue dye alone. METHODS Patent blue dye was injected in the subdermal part of the retroaroelar area in 167 patients having surgical treatment for invasive breast cancer. Three stage axillary lymphatic massage was performed prior to making...